Essay Feminism in Literature - 1552 Words

Books, plays, and movies that depict culture and social life often make statements about social issues such as gender roles, racism, and class distinction. Stories set up a context in which characters relate, often representing â€Å"stock† characters chosen from society and placed in situations where their stereotypical behaviors—and sometimes their breaking of these stereotypes—are highlighted. As feminism became a popular movement in Western countries in general and the United States in particular, female voices were naturally heard through fictional characters. Social and political issues commonly fuel entertainment; feminism, racism, and classism—recurring themes in entertainment through the 20th Century and into the modern day—have†¦show more content†¦As the typical Southern Belle, Scarlett O’Hara enjoys the privileges of a well-to-do Southern woman, living a plantation life in the slave-owning South. She is not a champion of social change outright. Her fiery personality is not necessarily a virtue; though her â€Å"unladylike† behavior becomes a kind of feminist rebellion against when coupled with circumstances that cast her from a life of privilege to experiences of bitter responsibility and loss, her initial desires as a woman certainly represent superficial interests as a society girl in a society shaped around society; when she is widowed, her concerns are less for the death of her husband than for the damper that requisite public mourning placed on her social life. Scarlett’s â€Å"strength† also derives from self-interest; though her character may be endearing, her personality is distasteful. Despite all of this, and despite the fact that Scarlett O’Hara continues to make mistakes, her strong will and ability to rise to life’s challenges endear her and make her an example of an imperfect—utterly human—strong woman. Whereas Scarlett O’Hara’s flaws revolve around immaturity and self-interest in terms of life position and are ultimately outweighed by her actions, Flannery O’Connor’s Mrs. Turpin displays human flaws that make the reader question humanity in general. Mrs. Turpin goes beyond the stereotype ofShow MoreRelatedFeminism in Literature2346 Words   |  10 PagesFeminism in Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre and Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House Feminism, if anything, has appeared majorly in the literature spectrum through all decades and forms. Feminism is the political, cultural, or economic movement aimed at establishing equality and protection for all women. No matter the time period or place feminism has always been a popular literary topic that has made a few works quite notorious, including Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte and A Doll’s House by Henrik IbsenRead MoreThe Genesis of Feminism in Literature1115 Words   |  5 Pages Feminism is a theory that all sexes should have political, economic, and social equality. Hawthorne was a writer during the Romantic Era in literature; one of the many individuals fired by their ideals sought to tell the world about them through their works (e.g. art, literature, music). Hawthorne was raised by his spouseless mother, which probably led him to believe women could be equal to men. Hawthorne grew up with â€Å"his mother became overly protective and pushed him toward rela tively isolatedRead MoreFeminism and Racism in African American Literature1883 Words   |  8 PagesThroughout literature, feminism and racism have played crucial roles in the lives of the characters and plotlines in stories and novels. Audiences are captivated by the drama a character must face in order to succeed in life or society. This struggle to overcome personal discrimination and adversity has transcended centuries and genres of literature. African American literature is no exception. Authors of African American literature would base the events that were taking place in the world aroundRead MoreEssay about Emergence of Feminism in Indian Literature: An Overview2062 Words   |  9 PagesEmergence of Feminism In Indian Literature: An Overview Introduction Feminism basically means guarding equal rights for women as enjoyed by men. Feminism does not talk only about the social rights but also about the political as well as economic rights of a woman. Feminism is a search for the identity of the most marginalized creature on earth, that is, woman. In India, women have always been considered weak or inferior by the dominating patriarchal society from ages. They are considered merelyRead MoreFeminism is simply a sociological theory, which states that men and women are equal. Feminism is900 Words   |  4 PagesFeminism is simply a sociological theory, which states that men and women are equal. Feminism is mainly concerned with giving rights to women by highlighting the numerous ways in which women have rendered to society. Feminist theorists believe in the social, political, and economic equality of genders and believe that each has his own rights as well as duties. They strive to give the oppressed women their full rights that are being taken every day. History of Feminism Feminism first started inRead MoreFeminism in Novel Makaan of Paigham Afaqui1301 Words   |  6 PagesPaigham Afaqui Feminist literature, as the name suggests, is based on the principles of feminism, and refers to any literary work that centers on the struggle of a woman for equality, and to be accepted as a human being, before being cast into a gender stereotype. Not all these works follow a direct approach towards this goal of equality. It is only through such media that women believed a change was possible in the way they were perceived in society. Not all feminist literature has been written by womenRead MoreGender Roles, Feminism, And Feminism855 Words   |  4 PagesCorrespondently to breaking down gender roles, feminism plays an important role in Chicana/o literature. In Lopez’s Real Women Have Curves feminism is defined in accordance to the Chicana/o community and differently from 60s and 70s white feminism that did not considered intersectionalities (Ruiz, Lecture, 4/5/16). In the play Ana tries to empower the women by preaching about the power of taking control of their bodies, se xuality, and ultimate their destiny; however Estela harshly stops her with:Read MoreSocialist Feminist Criticism1164 Words   |  5 PagesCriticism: You Dropped the Bomb on Me, Baby Feminism and gender studies have been described as having the ability to challenge literary and culture theory to confront the difficult task of assimilating the findings of an expanding sphere of inquiry (Contemporary Literary Criticism 567). This area of study has taken center stage during the last fifty years, not only in our society, but also in literary criticism. Although the terrain Feminism traverses can hardly be narrowed down to one singleRead MoreFeminism : A Viable Social Scientific Approach933 Words   |  4 PagesQuestion Two Feminism has evolved to become a viable social scientific approach for investigating the social world surrounding us. This approach has witnessed several transformations, referred to as waves, with each representing a different set of actors, claims and organization. Throughout the history of the United States, and broadly western societies, feminist waves altered political, social and cultural orders changing them to the overall benefit of women (Maclaran, 2015). Despite their variationsRead MoreThe Idea Of Feminism Grew Through A Variety Of Movements,1310 Words   |  6 Pages The idea of feminism grew through a variety of movements, theories and philosophies. Feminism motivates the experiences of women through social, political and academic situations. Through social movements, feminism focuses on the documentation of gender inequality and changes in the social representation of women. Some argue that genders are social constructs and research the construction of sexuality and d evelop alternative models for studying social relations. In regards to politics, the feminist

The Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne - 1040 Words

The book The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne in my option is mainly about Hester Prynne and her battle of shame of wearing the scarlet letter for example(76) says â€Å"she would become the general symbol at which the preacher and moralist might point, and in which they might vividly and embody their images of women s frailty and sinful passion†.Throughout the book Hester shows us that she is caring, forgiving, and intelligent.Hester’s life wasn’t good to start with she was married to Roger Chillingworth a man that she didn’t love or care for that much. Then Roger was kept hostage for two years by indians locked away and then when he returns back he see his wife in from of the whole town being embarrassed for her sin of adultery but people shouldn t blame Hester for what she done it was a sin, but everyone sins and she should be forgiven by the town. To begin, Hester is one of the most good hearted caring person in the book even though she committed a terrible sin adultery. Hester would always want to give out a helping hand to the less fortunate. For example the book says (80) â€Å"Hester bestowed all her superfluous in charity, on wretches less miserable than herself, and who not infrequently insulted the hand that fed them.† Everything that Hester did to help out the charity didn t matter to the community they still treated her like she didn’t belong anywhere at all for example this page says (49) â€Å"This women has brought shame upon us all and ought to die.†The townShow MoreRelatedThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1242 Words   |  5 PagesLYS PAUL Modern Literature Ms. Gordon The Scarlet Letter The scarlet letter is book written by Nathaniel Hawthorne who is known as one the most studied writers because of his use of allegory and symbolism. He was born on July 4, 1804 in the family of Nathaniel, his father, and Elizabeth Clark Hathorne his mother. Nathaniel added â€Å"W† to his name to distance himself from the side of the family. His father Nathaniel, was a sea captain, and died in 1808 with a yellow fever while at sea. That was aRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne960 Words   |  4 Pages3H 13 August 2014 The novel, The Scarlet Letter, was written by the author Nathaniel Hawthorne and was published in 1850 (1). It is a story about the Puritan settlers of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, set around 1650 (2). The story is written in the third person with the narrator being the author. The common thread that runs through this novel is Hawthorne’s apparent understanding of the beliefs and culture of the Puritans in America at that time. But Hawthorne is writing about events in a societyRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter, By Nathaniel Hawthorne919 Words   |  4 Pagessymbolism in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Scarlet Letter†. Symbolism is when an object is used in place of a different object. Nathaniel Hawthorne is one of the most symbolic writers in all of American history. In â€Å"The Scarlet Letter†, the letter â€Å"A† is used to symbolize a variety of different concepts. The three major symbolistic ideas that the letter â€Å"A† represents in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Scarlet Letter† are; shame, guilt, and ability. In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Scarlet Letter†, the firstRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1397 Words   |  6 PagesFebruary 2016 The Scarlet Letter was written by Nathaniel Hawthorne in 1850 which is based on the time frame of the Puritans, a religious group who arrived in Massachusetts in the 1630’s. The Puritans were in a religious period that was known for the strict social norms in which lead to the intolerance of different lifestyles. Nathaniel Hawthorne uses the puritan’s strict lifestyles to relate to the universal issues among us. The time frame of the puritans resulted in Hawthorne eventually thinkingRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne999 Words   |  4 Pages Nathaniel Hawthorne is the author of the prodigious book entitled The Scarlet Letter. In The Scarlet Letter, Hester Prynne commits adultery with Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale. Her husband, Roger Chillingworth, soon finds out about the incident after it becomes clear that she is pregnant. The whole town finds out and Hester is tried and punished. Meanwhile, Roger Chillingworth goes out then on a mission to get revenge by becoming a doctor and misprescribing Dimmesdale. He does this to torture DimmesdaleRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne1037 Words   |  5 Pagesthat human nature knows right from wrong, but is naturally evil and that no man is entirely â€Å"good†. Nathaniel Hawthorne, author of the classic novel The Scarlet Letter, believes that every man is innately good and Hawthorne shows that everyone has a natural good side by Hester’s complex character, Chillingworth’s actions and Dimmesdale’s selfless personality. At the beginning of the Scarlet Letter Hester Prynne is labeled as the â€Å"bad guy†. The townspeople demand the other adulterer’s name, butRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1517 Words   |  7 PagesNathaniel Hawthorne composes Pearl as a powerful character even though she is not the main one. Her actions not only represent what she is as a person, but what other characters are and what their actions are. Hawthorne makes Pearl the character that helps readers understand what the other characters are. She fits perfectly into every scene she is mentioned in because of the way her identity and personality is. Pearl grows throughout the book, which in the end, help the readers better understandRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter, By Nathaniel Hawthorne1488 Words   |  6 Pages In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s novel The Scarlet Letter, the main character, Hester Prynne, is a true contemporary of the modern era, being cast into 17th century Puritan Boston, Massachusetts. The Scarlet Letter is a revolutionary novel by Nathaniel Hawthorne examining the ugliness, complexity, and strength of the human spirit and character that shares new ideas about independence and the struggles women faced in 17th century America. Throughout the novel, Hester’s refusal to remove the scarlet letterRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1319 Words   |  6 PagesPrynne and Arthur Dimmesdale are subject to this very notion in Nathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter. Hester simply accepted that what she had done was wrong, whereas Dimmesdale, being a man of high regard, did not want to accept the reality of what he did. Similar to Hester and Dimmesdale, Roger Chillingworth allows his emotions to influence his life; however, his influence came as the result of hi s anger. Throughout the book, Hawthorne documents how Dimmesdale and Hester s different ways of dealingRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1714 Words   |  7 PagesSome two hundred years following the course of events in the infamous and rigid Puritan Massachusetts Colony in the 1600s, Nathaniel Hawthorne, descendant of a Puritan magistrate, in the 19th century, published The Scarlet Letter. Wherein such work, Hawthorne offered a social critique against 17th Massachusetts through the use of complex and dynamic characters and literary Romanticism to shed light on said society’s inherent contradiction to natural order and natural law. In his conclusive statements

Joint family free essay sample

In India, the land of culture and unity, culture and unity are wellmanifested in the structure of society, indeed in the smaller unit of a society i. e. family. A family is a set of human beings related to each other in a non-professional manner, giving rise to a concrete cohesion within the family. Love, care, and affection are the  most prominent human values, which are responsible for maintaining these bonds of relationships withina family. Typically, a nuclear family may be conceived as  a unit consisting of acouple, children, and grandparents, and pets. In India however, there exists a special kind of family structure that  really is quite vivid in the way it manages to handle and keep  intact the human relations. This special kind of family structure is Joint Family System. A joint family is a collection of more than one, nuclear families that are  interconnected by blood relations or marital relations. All the members, regardless of which particular nuclear family (within that joint family) they belong to, live together and share happiness, grief, and virtually every kind of problem and joy together. The joint family in  itself simulates a typical view  of our multi-cultural, multi-lingual, yet  tightly intertwined Indian society. Indian president replies to a question related to spiritual strengths of Indians â€Å"One of our strengths is our joint familysystem. In this system a problem is no problem. In a nuclear family a  problem can destroy afamily. We have a number of religions. I find  thatreligions are like orchards, but they need to belinked. Every religion preaches compassion andlove. If we can transform religion into a spiritualforce then we have arrived. By 2020 we shouldbe a  prosperous and happy nation without losingour civilizational heritage†¦. † Objective 1. The primary objective of the present study was to investigate therelationship of family structure and  social values as they relate tofamily structure in contemporary Indian society. Specifically    study attempts to look at  the relationship of  social values of Parentsand their  Children in  joint  and nuclear  families 2. The board objective of the study is to know why Youth prefernuclear family most as compare to joint family. 3. To know theimpact of western culture impact on the Indian youthtoday and change inpreference of youth for family. 4. To know the main reason in the increase of nuclear families ordecrease in joint families. SCOPE/NEED OF THE STUDY †¢to know how fast the patron of joint family is changing †¢To see the rate of change in the preference of the youth for family. †¢How Weston culture affect our and  our family life. †¢Is it affecting the  youth in negative or positive way. SETTING-UP OF HYPOTHESIS: †¢H0: the youth preference for nuclear family is increasing day byday †¢H1: the youth preference for joint family is not increasing, itdecreasing day by day. I have even focused on some articles that are in the favor of my research The study attempts to look at  the relationship of  social values of Parents and their  Children in  joint  and nuclear  families   Ã¢â‚¬ ¢As my sample size is of 100 people that is more than 30 so iwill use Z-test taking Level of significance (LOS) at 5%. DEFINITIONS USED IN THE PATTERN OF  FAMILY  STRUCTURE Type of family Definition Single  Member  The  respondent  who  is  alone Broken  Nuclear  Head  without  spouse  but  with  or  without  unmarried Children Nuclear  family  this  type  of  family  includes  Nuclear  pair  i. e. Head and Spouse with or  without unmarried Children Supplemented Nuclear It includes three types of  families (a) Supplemented Nuclear: Head and spouse with or without unmarried children but with other Relations who are not currently having Spouses(b) Broken Extended Nuclear: Head without spouse But with otherrelations of whom only one is Having spouse(c) Supplemented Broken Nuclear: Head without Spouse with or withoutunmarried children  but  With  other  unmarried/separated/  divorced/Widowed relation  Joint family  It includes  both lineally extended and Collaterally extended families Barring a few states, analmost similar picture is evident in rural-urban differences in all the statesof India. Further, the distribution of family size by  type of family reveals amean size of 7. 93 in the urban areas and 8. 16 in the  rural areas among  joint families, and 3. 35 and 3. 24  respectively among broken nuclearfamilies. The nuclear family households have a mean family householdsize of 4. 39 in  urban areas and 4. 54 members in rural areas. The average family size is significantly higher in almost all the lessdeveloped states in India. States of Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, and  Rajasthanhave an average household size greater than six. On  the other hand ,the southern states of india. Article Name: 72% city women prefer nuclearfamilies by: Chitra Nair, TNN, Nov 5, 2009, 06. 41am IST In this Article is explained that a  Survey is carried by a famous matrimonialportal to find out  the Preference of youth for Nuclear family or Join family and itappears that most of working women (72%) want to be live in  a nuclear family. The woman, who holds a well-paying job, wanted to live  in a separate house toavoid complications later. The young techies opinion perhaps reflects a growingtrend among city women. The survey carried out by a popular  matrimonial portalclaims to reveal changing attitudes among city youth towards various aspects of  marriage. And in some matters, it appears, the fairer sex may be more open  tochange. According to the survey, for instance, almost 72% of Pune women preferto live in a nuclear  family, as opposed to just 50% men who favour the idea. The survey also highlights that questions like caste and horoscope matches arealso losing importance among the citys youth. The survey also askedrespondents how important it was for them to know their partner  beforemarriage. A whopping 90% of female respondents from the city said it  wasextremely important, as opposed to some 79% men who said the same The survey also highlights that questions like caste and horoscope matches arealso losing importance among the citys youth. The survey also askedrespondents how important it was for them to know their partner  beforemarriage. A whopping 90% of female respondents from the city said it  wasextremely important, as opposed to some 79% men who said the same The survey also highlights that questions like caste and horoscope matches arealso losing importance among the citys youth. The survey also askedrespondents how important it was for them to know their partner  beforemarriage. A whopping 90% of female respondents from the city said it  wasextremely important, as opposed to some 79% men who said the same The survey also highlights that questions like caste and horoscope matches arealso losing importance among the citys youth. The survey also askedrespondents how important it was for them to know their partner  beforemarriage. A whopping 90% of female respondents from the city said it  wasextremely important, as opposed to some 79% men who said the same The survey also highlights that questions like caste and horoscope matches arealso losing importance among the citys youth. The survey also askedrespondents how important it was for them to know their partner  beforemarriage. A whopping 90% of female respondents from the city said it  wasextremely important, as opposed to some 79% men who said the same The survey also highlights that questions like caste and horoscope matches arealso losing importance among the citys youth. The survey also askedrespondents how important it was for them to know their partner  beforemarriage. A whopping 90% of female respondents from the city said it  wasextremely important, as opposed to some 79% men who said the same The survey also highlights that questions like caste and horoscope matches arealso losing importance among the citys youth. The survey also askedrespondents how important it was for them to know their partner  beforemarriage. A whopping 90% of female respondents from the city said it  wasextremely important, as opposed to some 79% men who said the sameb) Collaterally extended family Head and Spouse with marriedbrother/sister and  Their spouses with or without other Relation [includingb) Collaterally extended family Head and Spouse with marriedbrother/sister and  Their spouses with or without other Relations.

Rano Kau Essays - Easter Island, Rano Kau, Birdman, Kau,

Rano Kau RANO KAU Rano Kau is freshwater lake in a volcano in the southwest corner of Easter Island. It is right at the coastline with cliffs on one side of it. The ancient inhabitants of the island held ceremony called the Birdman Festival there every year. At the festival, all the important chiefs from the different tribes gathered to have feasts and crown a new Birdman for that year. They feasted on human sacrifices, usually the lowly peasants. Sometimes tribal wars would start here and sometimes lasted for months. There are many stone houses around the lake that were only used at the time of the festival. One of these houses was where the Birdman stayed all year. For the nomination of the new Birdman, the chiefs sent a servant down to the cliffs by ocean to watch and wait for the first egg laid of the soot tern. To get it, they had to swim across shark infested waters, retrieve it, then swim back and climb up the cliffs. The servant that brought back the egg his chief won. That chief became Birdman for the year. The new Birdman had stay in hut all by himself the whole year. He could not talk to anyone but a special servant that brought him food and water. He couldnt come out or take a bath the whole time he was there. If a woman was seen in the hut, the chief would be put to death. Once the festival came around again, it started over. Geography

Stroop efect Essay Example

Stroop efect Essay Example Stroop efect Essay Stroop efect Essay Phonemic awareness The ability to hear and manipulate sounds in words Alphabetic principle (phonics) The ability to associate sounds with letters and use these sounds to form words Fluency with text The effortless, automatic ability to read words in text Understanding spoken language Vocabulary The ability to understand (receptive) and use (expressive) words to acquire and convey meaning Comprehension The complex cognitive process involved in the intentional use of text (or spoken language) to convey meaning Lexical/direct word recognition With/without semantics Read familiar words irregular words Phonological/indirect Read regular words nonsense words E. G. Eve, hoppled Models of skilled word recognition: Connectionist models Computational (mathematical) models of word-reading Implemented as computer simulations via neural networks All words are read by a single route that is sensitive to the statistical regularities between orthography (text) phonology (speech) Dual-route explanation of word frequency regularity effects The speed with which words can be named (from fastest to slowest) High frequency rods (like time) Are recognized quickly through the direct route (by sight) Low frequency regular words (like mint) Can be sounded out through the indirect route Low frequency irregular words (like pint) Cant be correctly sounded out using the indirect route Must be identified through the direct route, which is slower for less familiar words Onwards (like pint) Can only be pronounced through the indirect route Named most slowly both direct indirect routes must be explained Phases in learning to read Pre-alphabetic Partial alphabetic Full alphabetic Consolidated alphabetic (orthographic) Not strict stages of reading development Beginning readers may used a variety of strategies depending on the circumstances Can connect visual cues to word meanings Can read environmental print But cant read Coca cola, Stop etc. Would only see words within logos e. G. Partial alphabetic reading Uses cues based on letter-sound relationships Rehire Wile (1985) found: Children at this stage find it easier to learn phonologically plausible words: elephant easier than WAC IRK for giraffe, easier than WEB Full alphabetic reading LET for Readers use spelling-sound knowledge to sound out unfamiliar words b-a-t and d-o-g When readers use letter-sound rules to decode unfamiliar words They develop detailed representations of word sin lexicon Consolidated alphabetic Can use larger letter-sound patterns Chi-est. Vs.. Chi-e-s-t Can recognize morphological (meaning-based) units Help helpful unhelpful; beauty beautiful And common orthographical patterns -sigh, -sigh, -AAU, -ins, -deed, -Zion Shares (1995) Self-Teaching Hypothesis Sounding out words underpins fluent word recognition Provides a self-teaching mechanism for deciphering unfamiliar words Word recognition becomes consolidated after several repetitions (4 14 average; many more for poor reads) Item-based, rather than stage-based development Phonological deficit Double deficit Rapid automated naming (+ Phonological deficit) But letter naming is a useful predictor of early reading success Visual deficits/visual stress Cerebella deficit theory Difficulty in developing automatic Mango-cellular dysfunction Subtle auditory visual deficits Prerequisites of alphabetic literacy The ability to sound out unfamiliar words provides foundation for reading development Poor Onwards reading skills are sin qua non of reading disability In order to use spelling-to-sound information to sound out new words, beginning readers need: Spoken words can be thought of as sequences of sounds The same sounds occur in different words Letter knowledge Individual sounds (phonemes) can be represented by alphabetic letters Pre-requisit e skills Phonological awareness What is it? The ability to recognize manipulate sounds in spoken words The single most rueful advance in the science and pedagogy of reading (last) century How is it measured? Syllable phoneme counting/tapping How many sounds are in there in elephant? Rhyme production Tell me a word that rhymes with drink Phoneme deletion Say bed without the lb/ Which word starts with a different sound? Phonological awareness follows a developmental pattern Syllables pop-TA-to (kindergarten) Sub-syllabic units (pre-readers) Onset (initial consonants) Slip, slop, slap Rime (vowel later consonants) Bat cat Phonemic units (learning to read) Individual phonemes in words b-a-t

Biography of Rem Koolhaas, Dutch Architect

Biography of Rem Koolhaas, Dutch Architect Rem Koolhaas (born November 17, 1944) is a Dutch architect and urbanist known for his innovative, cerebral designs. He has been called a modernist, a deconstructivist, and a structuralist, yet many critics claim he leans toward humanism; his work searches for a link between technology and humanity. Koolhaas teaches at the Graduate School of Design at Harvard University. Fast Facts: Rem Koolhaas Known For: Koolhaas is an architect and urbanist known for his unusual designs.Born: November 17, 1944 in Rotterdam, NetherlandsParents: Anton Koolhaas and Selinde Pietertje RoosenburgSpouse: Madelon VriesendorpChildren: Charlie, TomasNotable Quote: Architecture is a dangerous mixture of power and impotence. Early Life Remment Lucas Koolhaas was born in Rotterdam, Netherlands, on November 17, 1944. He spent four years of his youth in Indonesia, where his father, a novelist, served as cultural director. Following in the footsteps of his father, the young Koolhaas began his career as a writer. He was a journalist for the Haase Post in The Hague and later tried his hand at writing movie scripts. Koolhaass writings on architecture won him fame in the field before he had even completed a single building. After graduating in 1972 from the Architecture Association School in London, Koolhaas accepted a research fellowship in the United States. During his visit, he wrote the book Delirious New York, which he described as a retroactive manifesto for Manhattan and which critics hailed as a classic text on modern architecture and society. Career In 1975, Koolhaas founded the Office for Metropolitan Architecture (OMA) in London with Madelon Vriesendorm and Elia and Zoe Zenghelis. Zaha Hadid- a future winner of the Pritzker Architecture Prize- was one of their first interns. Focusing on contemporary design, the company won a competition for an addition to the Parliament in The Hague and a major commission to develop a master plan for a housing quarter in Amsterdam. The firms early work included the 1987 Netherlands Dance Theater, also in The Hague; Nexus Housing in Fukuoka, Japan; and Kunsthal, a museum built in Rotterdam in 1992. Delirious New York was reprinted in 1994 under the title Rem Koolhaas and the Place of Modern Architecture. The same year, Koolhaas published S,M,L,XL in collaboration with the Canadian graphic designer Bruce Mau. Described as a novel about architecture, the book combines works produced by Koolhaass architectural firm with photos, plans, fiction, and cartoons. The Euralille Master Plan and Lille Grand Palais on the France side of the Channel Tunnel were also completed in 1994. Koolhaas also contributed to the design for the Educatorium at the University of Utrecht. Koolhaass OMA completed Maison Bordeaux- perhaps the most famous house built for a man in a wheelchair- in 1998. In 2000, when Koolhaas was in his mid-50s, he won the prestigious Pritzker Prize. In its citation, the prize jury described the Dutch architect as that rare combination of visionary and implementer- philosopher and pragmatist- theorist and prophet. The New York Times declared him to be one of architecture’s most influential thinkers. Since winning the Pritzker Prize, Koolhaass work has been iconic. Notable designs include the Netherlands Embassy in Berlin, Germany (2001);  the Seattle Public Library in Seattle, Washington (2004);  the CCTV Building in Beijing, China (2008);  the Dee and Charles Wyly Theatre in Dallas, Texas (2009);  the Shenzhen Stock Exchange in Shenzhen, China (2013);  the Bibliothà ¨que Alexis de Tocqueville in Caen, France (2016);  the Concrete at Alserkal Avenue in Dubai, United Arab Emirates (2017); and his first residential building in New York City at  121 East 22nd Street. A few decades after founding OMA, Rem Koolhaas reversed the letters and formed AMO, a research reflection of his architecture firm. While OMA remains dedicated to the realization of buildings and masterplans, states the OMA website, AMO operates in areas beyond the traditional boundaries of architecture, including media, politics, sociology, renewable energy, technology, fashion, curating, publishing, and graphic design. Koolhaas continued to do work for Prada and in the summer of 2006, he designed the Serpentine Gallery Pavilion in London. Visionary Pragmatism Koolhaas is known for his pragmatic approach to design. The McCormick Tribune Campus Center in Chicago- completed in 2003- is a good example of his problem-solving. The student center is not the first structure to hug a rail- Frank Gehrys 2000  Experience Music Project (EMP) in Seattle has a monorail that goes directly through that museum, like a Disney extravaganza. The Koolhaas Tube (made of corrugated stainless steel) is more practical, though. The city train connects Chicago with the 1940s campus designed by  Mies van der Rohe. Not only was Koolhaas thinking about urbanist theory with the exterior design, but before designing the interior he set out to document student patterns of behavior to create practical pathways and spaces inside the student center. This was not the first time Koolhaas had played with trains. His Master Plan for Euralille (1989–1994) transformed the northern city of Lille, France, into a tourist destination. Koolhaas took advantage of the completion of the Channel Tunnel, using it as an opportunity to remake the city. Of the project, he said: Paradoxically, at the end of the 20th century, the frank admission of the Promethean ambition- for example, to change the destiny of an entire city- is taboo. Most of the new buildings for the Euralille project were designed by French architects, except for Congrexpo, which Koolhaas himself designed. Architecturally, Congrexpo is scandalously simple, it says on the architects website. It is not a building that defines a clear architectural identity but a building that creates and triggers potential, almost in an urbanistic sense. In 2008, Koolhaas designed the China Central Television Headquarters in Beijing. The 51-story structure looks like an enormous robot. Yet The New York Times writes that it may be the greatest work of architecture built in this century. These designs, like the 2004 Seattle Public Library, defy labels. The Library appears to be made up of unrelated, disharmonious abstract forms, having no visual logic. And yet the free-flowing arrangement of rooms is designed for basic functionality. Thats what Koolhaas is famous for- thinking forward and backward at the same time. Designs of the Mind How are we to respond to structures with glass floors or erratically zigzagging stairs or shimmering translucent walls? Has Koolhaas ignored the needs and aesthetics of the people who will occupy his buildings? Or is he using technology to show us better ways to live? According to the Pritzker Prize jury, Koolhaass work is as much about ideas as it is buildings. He became famous for his writings and social commentary before any of his designs was actually constructed. And some of his most celebrated designs remain on the drawing board. Koolhaas has said that only 5% of his designs ever get built. Thats our dirty secret, he told Der Spiegel. The biggest part of our work for competitions and bid invitations disappears automatically. No other profession would accept such conditions. But you cant look at these designs as waste. Theyre ideas; they will survive in books. Sources â€Å"Jury Citation: Rem Koolhaas.† The Pritzker Architecture Prize.â€Å"IIT McCormick Tribune Campus Center.† OMA.Oehmke, Philipp, and Tobias Rapp. â€Å"Interview with Star Architect Rem Koolhaas.† Spiegel Online, Der Spiegel, 16 Dec. 2011.Ouroussoff, Nicolai. â€Å"Koolhaas, Delirious in Beijing.† The New York Times, The New York Times, 11 July 2011.

Construction Law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 3

Construction Law - Assignment Example There are many requirements for the formation of a company in London, as guided by rules and regulations. The formation of the company will start off from the formulation of a unique company name, as regulated by London authorities. There will be a search of the Company House’s register to ensure that the formulated company name does not exist in the register or be closely similar to another company’s name (Gregory, 2014). The company name must not contain misleading words or expressions and must not suggest any connection with the government or other authorities in West London. This will ensure that there is no infringement of copyright and intellectual property rights, as well as adherence to the provisions by the Company House. Before registering the company’s name, there will be a consultation or check with the trade mark register to ensure that it can be registered as a trade mark. There will be development of a business name, as formulated from the register ed company name to facilitate easier conducting of business activities. The formulation of the company name, trade mark and business will result from extensive consultations and agreement amongst all the associates, in the form of consensus where every associate will provide suggestions to each of the three (Gregory, 2014). On the other hand, the registration of the company will be followed by the development of a unique company address as required by the Company House, HM Revenue and Customs, and other concerned authorities, as well as an address for clients. The company address will be a physical address registered in London, which is the planned company’s location. This will ease the management of corporation tax and the accessibility of the company in the Company House’s register. Each of the associates will become a director and shareholder of