Pregnancy And Breastfeeding Essay

Lisa and her husband have decided that they are ready to prepare for their first child. Lisa is 26 years old, weighs 125 pounds and is 5’6†. Lisa has been reading everything she can find on pregnancy because she knows that her prepregnancy health is important to the success of her pregnancy. She knows she should avoid alcohol, especially because alcohol is potentially toxic to the growing fetus in the first weeks of pregnancy, and she could become pregnant and not know about it right away. Lisa is not a smoker and does not take any medications. Although, she does drink 4 cups of coffee per day and drinks 3 diet cokes each day. She has already modified her diet to include some extra protein, along with more fruits and vegetables. She has always taken the herbal supplements glucosamine for her joints and ginseng for energy. She recently started taking an over-the-counter vitamin and mineral supplement. Lisa has always kept in good shape by running and yoga, and is admittedly worried about gaining too much weight during the pregnancy. She plans to continue exercising throughout her pregnancy. Answer the following questions. Women during pregnany do not recive the proper nourishment of vitamin and mineral supplemts. It is reccomended that they take a prental multiviamin mineral supplement due to the lack of calories, protein, folic acid, vitamin d, calcium, iron, iodine, and zinc in their diets. Deficiencies of these nutrients can result in deficiencies in infants such as low birth weight and reduced head size. I would recommend that Lisa should reduce her coffee and soda intake as they consist of high caffeine. Heavy caffeine use (in animal studies) showed reproductive problems such as mis carriage and birth defects. It would be safe for her to eat up to 12 ounces of fish such as tuna or salmon. The four types of fish that she should avoid are shark, swordfish, kings makerel, and Tilefish which they all contain high levels of meurcury. Consumtion of these products during pregnancy can lead to developmental delays and brain damage. It is common for pregnant women to experience morning sickness and constipation due to hormonal changes in the 1st trimester. I recommend that Lisa eat small frequent meals, eat dry crackers, and avoid food with odors to prevent nausea and vomitting. If she is undergoing constipation, the hormonal changes slow down the GI tract. She should have a high fiber diet and consume at least 8 glasses of fluids a day anlong with exercise daily.

International Hospitality Management And Leadership Education Essay

The original spirit of critical contemplation is to detect the nucleus index to trip a phenomenal, event, account, etc. Bing a critical mind means that individual should ever try to determine original factors impact to the context he is influenced or the concerned state of affairs so fixing appropriate method when facing similar circumstance in the hereafter. The cumulative nature of this extended consciousness no uncertainty could heighten insight and competency sing the facet insisted. Rigg & A ; Trehan ( 2008 ) implied invention could be achieved as a eventful consequence deducing from critical contemplation: â€Å" † critical contemplation is the procedure by which grownups identify the premises regulating their actions, locate the historical and cultural beginnings of the premises, inquiry the significance of the premises, and develop alternate ways of moving † . Therefore larning journey ‘s quality is merely incremental within important back uping function fr om critical contemplation. This study is so a personal reflective analysis upon the undertaking conducted in â€Å" community impact pattern † faculty every bit good as defining the accomplishment after finishing MSC class.AnalysisContemplation on planning and executing of the undertakingPlaning Choosing the subject Initially, the passion to make a better life for kids was the nucleus ground behind the writer ‘s determination to affect into junior unit. The director ab initio expected to carry on athletics activities such as football, basket balls, etc. purposes to loosen up kids after long survey hours. However, the undertaking was supposed to be impracticable after careful consideration. First, physical nature of playing athletics hinted possible hazard of being injured to kids, particularly the overactive 1s. Not every kid was interested in fall ining physical instruction was another concern because coercing them to take part into this sort of activities would be unethical and illegal. In add-on, a meaningful plan was expected in every community meanwhile playing athletics merely carried modest consequence to kids in term of relaxation. As a consequence, writer determined to prosecute the class which could lend to kids ‘s success over their future instruction. After passing sensible clip to research, music was an optimal subject given its impact to human development. Beside that, bettering necessary accomplishments for kids through an academic music design would instead turn to the issue originally than concentrating on narrow mission such as helping them to work out a peculiar exercising, etc. The following challenge lies on building an effectual music related plan in order to accomplish indispensable accomplishments for the childs. Writer is chiefly confused about whether explicating the proposal within active or inactive attack. Active attack means learning the kids to execute a peculiar instrument while inactive one referred to making attached activities based on listening vocals. Nevertheless, originating a preparation category on instrument ‘s direction was shortly conceived as unfeasibility. Time inefficiency was the first incommodiousness because put to deathing such plan truly consumed considerable continuance whereas the projected was constrained within six months. As a consequence, the accomplishment after finishing the class was improbable able to make expected quality. In add-on, Author ‘s incapableness in executing instruments meant I could non affect straight into the plan. This deficiency of interaction with participants would impede Author to understand important factors toward kids ‘s patterned advance. Economic issue was other trouble since cost of engaging instrumental partic ipant was non cheap. Finally, kids were expected to be patient, hardworking if the preparation category was undertaken meanwhile non many people had this passion at such age so the hazard of being unsuccessful was reasonably high. As a consequence the inactive attack was the optimal option in this circumstance. Proposal A proposal of listening music plan had been formulated. The overarching purposes and aims were all explicated in this authorship. In general, by using the effectivity of music through structuring eventful exercisings after listening vocals, some important accomplishments including imaginativeness, coordination, concentration and forbearance were likely imaginable. The proposal was structured harmonizing to eight standards which were organisation, undertaking, principle, stakeholder appraisal, work dislocation construction, resource, result and impact. However, the proposal ‘s presentation had been ab initio refused by caput of capable and supervisor. After analysing this attack and did comparing with other pupils, the excessively theoretical prejudice throughout the proposal was believe the nucleus ground of this disapproval. Because of this equivocal account, lectors were truly struggle to capture the nucleus purpose that presenter wanted to leave. During the analysis of principle, benefit of music towards human development had been overpoweringly promulgated. Alternatively, other important factors to back up the determination devising including personal sentiment, the ground to take community were perfectly overlooked. Devoid of clear content since the imploring stairss explained why talk could non understand what the writer was traveling to make with his musical plan. The terrible deficiency of elaborate program in work dislocation construction further amalgamate ground to decline my first proposal. Albeit purposes and aims had been set obviously that was to assist kids spread out Numberss of accomplishment, an univocal strategy of how to practically heighten them had non been recommended. All of this typical ignorance had been corrected suitably in the 2nd proposal. The new proposal encompassed apparent building via careful explication sing practical domain in each standard. The imprecise content of the old proposal had been replaced by clear purpose and general counsel on possible activities since the debut. Personal sentiment and community ‘s supporting construction were besides incorporated purposes to consolidate undertaking ‘s feasibleness. Undertaking ‘s sustainability was decently controlled by set uping suited tactics based on contemplation of stakeholder appraisal which comprised of community, participants and parents. Furthermore, work breakdown construction ( WBS ) was besides hypothesized meticulously so it was doubtless able to supply a crystalline direction of how to magnify each accomplishment for kids consequently. First, range of undertaking noted how many kids would fall in the category every bit good as their age. Whereas all information about category agenda via equal activities, timetable were available in â€Å" clip & A ; topographic point † word picture. Academic vocals were adopted purposes to guarantee its content is suited to category ‘s ambiance and kids ‘s age. A lesson was typically classified into three periods which were listening, vocals ‘ account, brooding patterns and being proceeded severally. First portion in the lesson was listening two academic vocals, this might besides considered relaxed clip every bit good as opportunity to better concentration when kids were about immerse in tune. On the other manus, wordss ‘ account would back up kid s ‘s imaginativeness and coordination toward vocals listened, the indispensable competency expected to present in pulling subdivision in brooding patterns. In add-on, dry run was repeatedly performed before making presentation once more in order to present crystalline langue throughout the communicating. Finally, undertaking supervisor was convinced and acknowledged to continue. Community Using to a community was non as a simple procedure as early supposed. Indeed, all electronic mails sent to community were incurred not answer. Possibly the dependability issue was chief factor to these refusals. Therefore, direct communicating attack was implemented purposes to carry communities ‘ principals the benefits undertaking would transport to participants and community if it was allowed to put to death. Direct communicating through telephone, offline meeting was critical solution since its consecutive interaction would be a accelerator towards rule ‘s determination given more precise perceptual experience about Author during the conversation. As a consequence, the undertaking was welcomed by several communities and Thong Kheng Student attention Centre was chosen because of their precise anticipation when opening this unit which was to appreciate moral spirit, age of kids and grasp of art classs. Making a supporting construction for kids ‘s overall development is their chief aim. Furthermore, Centre besides attempts to further kids ‘s invention by appreciating art, trade and music in their day-to-day plan Executing The category was scheduled on every Tuesday and Friday at 9 am, whereas going from place to Thong Kheng community consumed more than one hr. Long journey via early timetable agencies project forced Author an version by seting kiping clip to earlier juncture on old twenty-four hours. In add-on, the promotion of information engineering had impacted writer ‘s determination in respect to method of roll uping resource. Despite on-line pursuit was ab initio preferred, deficiency of handiness, public-service corporation had deterred its rightness. In contrast, learning stuffs ( academic vocals for kindergarten ) would be pursued handily at CDs stores. Consequently, concluding determination was offline purchase. In add-on, category was purportedly managed by implementing two traditional leading theories which were behaviours and situational leading. Contemporary attacks, for case: transactional, personal appeal, transformational, etc. would be inappropriate given kids ‘s current knowledge and class ‘ low complexness. Behavior leading was invented in University of Michigan, Ohio. Initiating construction and consideration were two constituents of this attack. The former emphasized undertaking orientation, subject on exercising influence to subsidiaries ‘ public presentation while consideration preferred showing attention, encouragement to subordinate. Situational leading was the theoretical account developed by Hersey & A ; Blanchard. The theory had introduced a clear counsel on how to use behaviour of consideration and undertaking orientation upon peculiar state of affairs. There was a positive correlativity between employee ‘s competency and consideration and change b y reversal connexion with initiating construction. As a consequence, the complement of situational theoretical account and behavior theory would present excess quality given their clear counsel on how to act efficaciously. However, theory was non ever correct during running this undertaking. Harmonizing to the situational theory, one time kids understood vocals ‘ content deeply, undertaking should give them freedom to construction their drawing and became more consideration by offering them motive. In contrast, some kids sometime lost their involvement in making brooding pattern even being encouraged by Author. Their public presentation would merely be improved one time director was more disciplined and turn toing choice issue of their images. For case: a pupil was required to execute once more after making a careless drawing. Manager so provided a elaborate direction on how to make basic characteristics every bit good as appreciating when that kid ascertained new thought. Afterwards, the kid shortly regains his machination towards undertaking. The ambiance was reasonably formal in the first few lessons because the relation between instructor and kids had been at get downing phase. It was an advantage to get their obeisance in term of making exercising but their vacillation to discourse concerns with director would discourage quality of their work. Therefore, communicating accomplishment had been utilized to accomplish participants ‘ dependability. Once relation was optimized, director began to farther insist on undertaking orientation since some kids lost their concentration when they were accustomed to teacher. Nevertheless, better relation would be a determiner to construct up their assurance on executing vocals. Some valuable information which would profit appraisal on kids ‘s ability was bit by bit revealed through brooding patterns. Participants ‘ typical thought was ascertained by analyzing their contemplation in pulling subdivision. The prevailing though would be categorized into two prevailing though that were originative and structural. The structural pupils preferred to make crystal clear characteristics in their dramas and swayer was their favourite tool. In contrast, originative kids frequently crafted the image by their custodies via developing farther possible environing scenes. The structural participants were appreciated by their logical thought but encouragement to widen their work beyond what was recommended in vocals ‘ content no uncertainty consolidated their coordination and imaginativeness capableness. Creative kids were clever to speculate colourful scenarios alongside basic characteristics. Sections hypothesized in proposal were besides amended to heighten its suitableness. Harmonizing to proposal agenda, participant must listen two vocals foremost prior to make their contemplation. Nevertheless, the immature age of these participants did non let them to have big content within short clip. As a consequence, kids were allowed to execute drawing after listening one vocal. In add-on, common phenomenon was that kids had much better assimilation by supplying them lyric after finishing listening. Behavior of extended undertaking orientation was so implemented through listening activities. Consequently, it non merely improved their hearing accomplishment, the concentration and imaginativeness besides became better.Contemplation on impact and results of the CIP undertakingTheory into pattern Leadership theories As explained above, behavior theory and situational theoretical account were applied to act upon public presentation throughout the category. The voluntary nature of undertaking and immature participants means the operational procedure was non every bit complex as it usually was in concern context. Alternatively of using complicated modern theories, these two traditional methods would be much more appropriate choice. Insight on effectual behaviours was amplified by behavioural descriptions researched in behavior theory. However assorted scenarios in term of practical suggested a cosmopolitan behavior attack was possibly impossible to react all variable fortunes successfully. Consequently, situational theoretical account was complemented to beef up its effectual flexibleness by structuring a clear counsel upon readying of typical state of affairss. Behavior theory & A ; eventful contemplation The theory was developed by university of Michigan, Ohio in 1950s by roll uping prevailing behaviors of director sing assorted domains. New dimension contributed by theory by indicating out influence procedure is non merely one manner interaction, otherwise the behaviour is the consequence of multidimensional impact. Leader expresses consideration to employees non merely for selfless ground, by making so it could besides raises low-level satisfaction so may take to higher public presentation. Yulk ( 2011 ) defined initiating construction constituent as â€Å" leader defines and structures his or her ain function and the functions of subsidiary toward attainment of undertaking ends † . In pattern, an univocal construction had been formulated and applied to every lesson. A category was typically divided into three subdivisions via puting careful undertaking direction for both Author and participant. Class director was responsible to transport the Cadmiums and have permission to necessitate concentration from kids during listening subdivision. Song account was the 2nd stage in a lesson. This subdivision was considered as an intermediary measure prior to carry oning contemplation. Manager offered explication of new words and significance of each sentence in words to kids during this interval so their penetration refering to song ‘s content was doubtless consolidated every bit good as presenting extra quality to reflective exercisings. In concluding subdivision, participants were authorized to execute their pulling based on their apprehension. However minimal criterions had been discussed before the operation aims to integrate fundamentally sufficient characteristics mentioned in the vocal. Beside that, directors reserved the right to disrupt activity to any single. This engagement was cardinal in continuing quality of dramas or even the whole class because impact of single grounds such as restlessness would finally take to careless exercisings. Consequently, a clear outlook sing how to build typical characteristics could assist pupils get the better of their failings. The abovementioned activities reasonably accommodated Yulk ( 2011 ) ‘s sentiment, he believed â€Å" effectual directors concentrated on undertaking oriented maps such as planning and scheduling the work, organizing subsidiary activities, and supplying necessary supply, equipment, and proficient aid † . In term of coordination, kids are encouraged to interchange their perceptual experience, offering aid during account and pulling stage in order to hold a more comprehensive position. A kid could either depict or sketch an object ( recommended in the vocal ) which his equals ne'er saw was a typical illustration. Performing vocals wholly within authorising specific undertakings to each group was an chance to raise their squad work ‘s ability. Consideration is the 2nd typology in leading behaviours. â€Å" The leader acts in a friendly and supportive mode and shows concern for the demands and feelings of subsidiaries † ( Yulk 2011 ) . Subordinates ‘ satisfaction on occupation is amplified by bettering relationship between two parties. As a consequence, this behaviour is reciprocally supportive to side of undertaking orientation particularly in term of increasing commitment degree for a more effectual result. This facet besides contributed dramatically when it was utilized to raise overall spirit in category. Participants were truly confused whether they would capture whole vocal ‘s significance before plunging themselves in the first subdivision ( listening ) . This issue was tackled by showing assurance on their ability from category director. Their assurance farther strengthened by single treatment with director during account period. Manager ever expressed his concern on which characteristics did participant battle to understand. Additionally, any invention either on crafting excess objects in pulling exercising or in teamwork activity was recognized by publically grasp. Situational leading and its eventful contemplation The above theoretical account gives a crystalline direction upon behaviours should be expressed consequently when superior is in typical fortunes. A variable called adulthood determines whether consideration or undertaking orientation is insisted in a peculiar state of affairs. This dimension implies subordinate ‘s capableness in footings of carry throughing their assignments. Harmonizing to the theoretical account, director emphasizes overpoweringly on undertaking behaviours when employees are highly immature. The prejudice of originating construction is bit by bit balanced by consolidating relationship when employees are more capable. In pattern, category director ever concentrate on undertaking during the first two subdivisions when pupil ‘s apprehensions was unambiguous. This behavior normally involved inquiring pupil for their concentration when listening vocals, careful explication of every sentence in the words, illustrate unnoticeable characteristics, etc. Once kids capture whole vocal ‘s significance, behavior shifted to encouragement, acknowledgment of their invention in brooding stage. Indeed, this attack was utile to act upon participants ‘ attempt positively but it was non applicable to every persons. Although some kids ab initio was non interested in making exercisings, their attitude altered to much optimistic after being motivated by director such as showing trust on their ability, appreciation their dramas, etc. Nevertheless, several kids continued to make their image heedlessly even being supported by many consideration behaviours. Alternatively, the consequence would merely be im proved when director imposed more disciplined attitude to these kids. The 2nd phenomenal indicated situational theoretical account was non applicable to all instances particularly in brooding subdivision, possibly this is engendered by the contextual duality between where these voluntary participants involved and echt workplace environment ( salary, earnestness, etc. ) Contemplation on result Although there were several marks had been planned to accomplish before originating the class, relaxation was an indispensable deciding influence straight to the expected quality in category. Whether expected accomplishment would be really fulfilled depended on how good kids were intrigued towards undertakings, whereas there likely was a positive correlativity between relaxation and participants ‘ satisfaction, a important constituent would bring forth better attempt. Consequently, sense of relaxation has been carefully considered since the first subdivision. Music Cadmiums for kindergarten were purchased in a well known Academic Cadmium shop to do certain vocals displayed were appropriate to kids age. Indeed, it absolutely accommodated the expected spirit during this stage ( listening subdivision ) when all kids experience the category gleefully. However, it was improbable to transport the expected consequences by leting kids to bask the category gleefully without being force per unit area. In the first few categories, some kids were non interested in making brooding exercisings so earnestly leaded to inferior quality such as pulling heedlessly, disrupting other equals, etc. These foolhardy behaviours merely eliminated one time category director showing earnestly strong sense of subject every bit good as going undertaking orientation prejudice. Disciplined gesture was so recognized every bit of import as relaxation since it enforced participants the essentialness of at least making basic criterion in their dramas. Since the undertaking was specially designed to profit the kids by turning them Numberss of indispensable accomplishments. Concentration was first mark in docket because it laid the foundation to accomplish other competencies. After finishing the class, kids concentration degree was intensified sing simple activities involved in the first two subdivisions. This competency was continuously exhibited in singing via words during their brooding exercising. However, the concentration was deteriorated when they struggled on pulling normally referred to increasing degree of trouble. Possibly the immature age was the factor to suppress their success on geting an absolute concentration upon brooding exercisings as expected. The 2nd aim was to heightening coordination accomplishment for kids which finally reflecting to quality of their imaginativeness exercising. The appraisal of this knowledge ability would be classified into three hierarchies. At the primary degree, participants would merely capture the vocal ‘s significance after being explained in the 2nd subdivision via farther counsel on building the image. Sign of patterned advance to 2nd ranks comprised of the ability to bring forth an abstract scenario quickly after completing first subdivision and explicating an unambiguous perceptual experience once the 2nd subdivision completed ( song account ) . Finally, competency to get the hang a clear scenario for the image instantly after listening was perceived as highest degree and besides the accomplishment expected to accomplish after finishing this class. Despite there was an obvious patterned advance in coordination accomplishment, the range that ab initio desired was non satisfied. Despite inclination of suggestion upon chalk outing images bit by bit become less frequent, about members so struggled to wholly absorb vocal ‘s content until the handiness of wordss. Age issue was once more believed as a factor to impede their farther betterment since all category members were among five to seven twelvemonth old. Fostering forbearance for kids was satisfied by making a convenient context to bring forth their passion. The positive relevancy between passion and forbearance implicated one time kids became more intrigued toward brooding patterns, their committedness of making exercisings was besides amplified consequently. As a consequence, vocals ‘ subjects were normally accustomed to kids ‘s current knowledge to prolong their involvement during concluding subdivision in a category. Additionally, kids were even expected to keep their forbearance even incurring hard undertaking after finishing this plan. However the inclination to give up was prevailing once they were assigned to reflect abstract facets in a strange vocal ‘s subject. Impact and future deductions Participants were the first group benefited from this undertaking because some important accomplishments for farther development had been progressed. Typical competencies contained forbearance, concentration, coordination were critical to kids cognitive procedure every bit good as set uping back uping construction to obtain better assimilation throughout their educational way. Undertaking the category was besides an chance for writer to rehearse communicating accomplishment, leading by regular interacting with community and kids. Exchanging information to these cardinal stakeholders besides drive director out of comfort zone every bit good as increasing his assurance when fall ining public activity. These characters would be critical for professional development such as version, calling promotion, etc. Participants really showed marks of betterment after completing this class, therefore parents might anticipate continuity of this plan in the community. In return, community would spread out their repute by presenting extra quality to their service deducing from popularising brooding classs.Overall contemplation on larning journeyCritical reflecting and scrutinizing personal cognition and expertness â€Å" MSC international cordial reception leading and direction † non merely built an penetration of theoretical facet in planetary direction sphere, this academic class besides insisted the necessary of practical application by infixing this factor to writer ‘s researches, undertakings. Valuable cognition had been collected sing twosome of important facets at corporate degree such as human resource, long term scheme. Management term is non belonged to contract range of commanding a peculiar determination, it is instead a strategic methodological analysis to transport sustainable growing to organisation based on determination devising procedure and exercising influence efficaciously to equals, subordinate toward achieve overarching intent. My competency pertaining to those facets has been truly optimized after finishing this class. Furthermore, overpoweringly cosmopolitan cognition of direction construct engendered calling mobility for pupils. Despite the class rubric referred to cordial reception industry, penetration in context of direction was even applicable to other sectors given similar managerial environment in modern concern entity. As a consequence, calibrated pupils would be adapted to assorted sectors sing direction map. Furthermore, every faculty was designed within a specific scope of cordial reception content equipped writer unique cognition if he decided to affect into this sector. Academic cognition and practical contemplation were two chief subdivisions involved in leading faculties. Theoretical side pointed out leading was an inevitable certificate to raise and prolong effectual public presentation in an organisation. Researching constituents, rules in both traditional ( behaviours, situational leading ) and modern-day theories ( such as transactional, transformational leading, etc. ) helped writer acknowledge act uponing people was non merely a straightway attack, it was truly an art of interaction driving work force to lend their best attempt. In add-on, variable state of affairs indicated the cosmopolitan leading manner for every state of affairs was improbable. Alternatively, variable context among organisations agencies unsuitably exercising influence to subordinate would finally transport inauspicious consequence to public presentation. Practical assignments consolidated this look by carry oning interview, observation in organisations. In respect to direction faculties, Introduction of theories via fond regard of modern-day issues to organisation particularly in the cordial reception industry revealed the analogy between sustainability and consistency development. Academic aspects liked corporate societal duty, strategic direction, etc. critical contemplation patterns in the context of past, present and future were highly utile to exemplify how sustainability was revised, formulated and maintained. Module â€Å" community impact pattern † supplemented extra quality to the class because construct of critical contemplation had reminded writer the necessity of critical appraisal of cognition during the larning journey by rhenium examining, measuring academic penetration on a regular footing. Furthermore, carry oning the CIP undertaking engendered great opportunity to practically implement twosome of academic theories in the context of leading and direction. Meanwhile, comparison and contrasting diaries in â€Å" research method † theoretical accounts was apathetic to critical contemplation on academic domain. Personal strengths and failings Analytic competency was an writer ‘s capableness which bit by bit became better by set abouting researches, assignments in MSC class. The combination of this ability and forbearance no uncertainty brought an add-on to coursework ‘s standard since account were constantly contemplated carefully within proper usage of academic linguistic communication. Beside that, writer was able to keep calm when interacting with crowd. This certificates and analytical accomplishment were critical when making presentation because proper replies would be delivered quickly after being asked inquiry. However, lack to present drastic behaviour led to incapableness to exercise influence to a squad in a critical state of affairs. This was expressed clearly in CIP undertaking where writer in some circumstance would non drive kids back to public presentation. This was besides the nucleus factor to forbid the applicable graduated table of theories implemented into undertaking. Possibly, some traits were of course born and would non be occupied within a reasonably short period. Career planning As being explained above, the MSC class addresses on direction context implied writer would handily get a managerial place without being constrained in cordial reception sector. However, low experience and inefficiency in managing drastic state of affairs in prevailing dynamic environment meant there was still a long distance for writer to make such power. Alternatively of impractically anticipating a respectable place in an organisation, it was much more indispensable to systematically heighten current capablenesss ( which involved calm, analytical accomplishment ) critically in order to extenuate failings in short term via the vision of changing them into new strengths in the long hereafter. As a consequence, using for junior places to a concern entity was prioritized purposes to roll up sufficient competency to capture long term aspiration.DecisionIn decision, writer gathered valuable experience by planning and set abouting CIP undertaking in the mark of critical contemplation. Co ncept of contemplation facilitated personal development every bit good as heightening undertaking quality through take a firm standing profoundly on nucleus determiner ensuing to lower than expected mark. Therefore, a cardinal construction was engendered to supportively determine more effectual alternate solutions. In add-on, there was ever a distance between academic and pattern due to either human or contextual variableness. Finally, despite penetration of direction and leading had been dramatically optimize, the academic prejudice indicated that writer must devour considerable clip of critical contemplation in junior places to change these cognition into practically utile competency.

A Synthesis of Psychoanalytic Method and Cognitive Behavioral Theory Research Paper

A Synthesis of Psychoanalytic Method and Cognitive Behavioral Theory - Research Paper Example From personal experiences, it seems that counseling psychologists are most effective when they facilitate a discussion with patients, rather than interrogating them. Psychoanalysis provides the opportunity for a psychologist to guide a patient to those insights relevant to the underlying problem; however, in the act of psychoanalysis, autonomy of insights is removed from the patients and trusted to the psychoanalyst for the solution. Although CBT allows some autonomy for the patient to draw his own conclusions, it ignores the role of psychoanalytic transference, which seems to be an important issue to be addressed in a counseling session.Human NatureThe idea that patients ought to be given the autonomy to interpret their own unconscious, once it has been questioned by the counselor, is based on a view of human nature as metaphysically free. With a free will, human beings are not bound by the rules and laws set forth by their unconscious; in fact, people have the inherent power to cha nge the subconscious conclusions and philosophies that affect their emotional livelihood. However, the status of thoughts and cognitions in the unconscious leaves them inaccessible to the patient by his own devices. For that reason, he needs an active intervention from the counselor, which is a defining feature of cognitive behavioral therapy. On this second premise, human nature is also seen as fundamentally social: that, in order to resolve their psychological difficulties, human beings must seek.

Media Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Media Ethics - Essay Example For Kant, principles of reason or a system of clear-cut needs is where morality is rooted in since every individual has the ability to reason. No matter what culture or society a person belongs to, these needs apply. Per Kant, every individual has an obligation to discern what the right conduct is in a given situation by exercising his mind. As much as an action's universal and logical application, the ultimate arbiter of correctness are not necessarily the consequences of one's actions. Per Kant, sense of duty requires every person to acknowledge another person's rights. This also asserts that the general satisfaction of many people cannot overshadow moral claims (Solomon, 127-129). Utilitarianism, on the other hand, asserts that the greatest good for the greatest number is the utmost legacy (Christians, Ferre, and Fackler, 11-13). It is totally contradictory to Kant's ethics model. It maintains that every person should have the consideration to act for his own benefit if it will also benefit the society as a whole. In pluralism, acknowledging the opposing ethical principles present in a diverse world is the ethics model. These competing ethics principles are called duties (Patterson and Wilkins, 12). These duties can be identified as not causing harm to other people, personal development, beneficence, integrity, appreciation, and loyalty. This vivid viewpoint for reflecting the every day challenges numerous professionals deal with and for acknowledging the several roles various individuals bear is praised. An individual recognition of the distinction between duty proper and prima facie duties is required in this ethics model. Duty proper involves particular awareness for the introduction of new or unusual situations and challenges while prima facie duties can be taken as daily responsibilities each person decides to advocate. Putting social justice at the core of its guiding principle is the communitarianism ethics model (Patterson and Wilkins, 14). As component of the human condition, it maintains that every person should be sensitive to the corollaries of their behaviors both worldwide and within a society (Christians, Ferre, and Fackler, 14). This ethics model highlights the dynamic relationship among social, financial, judicial, and biological systems and centers on the interdependence of people. Experts state that it is a framework exceptionally relevant in assessing the function and operation of the media in society. It increases the combined achievements that the media and their Surname 3 organizations have and silences the rivalry among media organizations in the society (Patterson and Wilkins, 15). 2. An example case study of information ethics is in chapter 2 of the Media Ethics book entitled "The New York Times vs. Wen Ho Lee." It is all about responsibility in gathering of information, biases, and political agenda. The investigative reporters failed to gather sufficient information that would allow them to weigh any possible biases that may be intentionally or unintentionally included in the reports. Also, political contexts that may have possibly hindered obtaining the actual and complete facts were not thoroughly investigated. It was a major blunder on the side of the publication at the expense of the "victim." They reported a major case against a Chinese-American without a thorough and independent investigation on their end. Their

Variables that Affected Voter Turnout Rates in the 2012 Presidential Research Paper

Variables that Affected Voter Turnout Rates in the 2012 Presidential Elections In the United States - Research Paper Example Did various demographic variables affect the voter turnout during the 2012 presidential elections of the United States? The 2012 presidential elections voter turnout rate was lower compared to the previous 2008 elections, as shown in the diagram below. According to many scholars and academicians, various demographic factors were responsible for the decreased voter turnout. This research, therefore, seeks to provide a concrete answer or response to this question, putting into consideration various demographic variables associated with elections and voter turnout rates. At this juncture, it is worth noting that the actual voter turnout was 66.65%, a figure that is arrived at after comparing the 129,067,662 individuals who voted out of the 193,653,908 registered voters (I.D.E.A 1). A number of scholars and academicians alike have attributed various factors, both demographic and demographic, to the decreased voter turnout rate in the year 2012. In his article, â€Å"why is turnout so low in United States elections†, Eric black has considered two major non-demographic factors. Black attributes the low turnout rates to the legal requirement of voter registration. According to him, many people are unable to vote simply because they do not like the cumbersome and complex procedure of voter registration. The other factor he considers is the voluntary voting, which allows people the liberty to choose whether to vote or not. The United States citizens are not compelled to exercise their civic and political right of voting, and therefore the voter turnout rates will always remain low. The Institute of Democracy and Electorate Assistance (IDEA) has also conducted a research and compiled data regarding the same issue.

Michelangelo Buonarroti Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Michelangelo Buonarroti - Research Paper Example v-vi). During this period, there was a renewed interest in the symbolism and skill represented in the achievements of the ancient world – the Greeks and early Romans whose ruins still dotted the local landscape. People who lived and worked around these ruins saw them as evidence of a lost golden age of shared culture, reason and creativity. They viewed the frescoes and mosaics as evidence of a society much better off than they were and began working to bring it about in their own world as trade centers began to grow and wealth became more widely available. By the late 1400s, a great deal of artistic practice had grown and the arts had begun to flourish. This was the time of the great masters - Giotto, Da Vinci, Michelangelo. A study of any of these artists reveals the energy and creativity of the age. Because of his position essentially at the height of the Renaissance period, Michelangelo Bounarroti is a logical choice for this type of investigation. His life and his times he lps to explain some of the great sensitivity he had in undertaking his many works of art, including painting, sculpture and architecture, reflecting in each the nature of the creative process that was sweeping through Italy at the time. One of the key characteristics of the Renaissance period was the greater number of educated people with money. Artists in towns like Florence quickly linked the mathematical knowledge of the ancient Greeks and Romans as expressed in their art and architecture to the proportional focus of their own world and realized how this could make their art more representational. These mathematics were a form of shared knowledge between the artists and the businessmen who paid them. â€Å"In an age of non-standard shipping units, one had to be able to calculate contents and quantities of shipments fairly rapidly† (Lemaitre & Lessing, 1993, p. 15). Painters used this foundational knowledge of geometry to depict everyday elements in their paintings that hel ped to convey their deeper intentions to the greatest possible audience. â€Å"In the same way that a painter could reduce the human form or settings to a play of geometrical figures, so could the merchant simplify all things to geometrical configurations† (Lemaitre & Lessing, 1993, p. 15). The melding of mathematics with artistic expression enabled artists to give their figures an impression of weight and volume that presented a more three dimensional appearance. This new ability to create realism within the flat surface of a painting and other forms of expression led artists to continue investigating other ways in which the world was revealed through the senses. This, in turn, contributed to an even greater explosion of thought, design and implementation that would eventually change the world. Michelangelo Buonarroti of Florence was actually born closer to the coast in the town of Caprese in the year 1475. His father was the governor of the town when Michelangelo was born, but he lost this position soon afterward and the family had to move back to Florence. His mother was a frail woman so Michelangelo was given to a wet nurse to care for him. This wet nurse was the daughter and wife of nearby stonecutters, giving the infant child his first taste of stone cutting tools which would one day make him famous. â€Å"

Essay on the movie ti kill a mockingbird Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

On the movie ti kill a mockingbird - Essay Example There is no denying the fact that â€Å"Early on in the history of American South, the institution of slavery established race as one of the dominant influences shaping Southern culture (Beck, Frandsen & Randall 121)†, whose diluted remnants can still be traced in the contemporary Southern life. In that context this movie is primarily concerned with the dynamics of the race relations in the South. To a great extent the movie traces the conflict and friction accompanying the change in social perceptions pertaining to the notion of race in the South. The fictional character of Tom in the movie To Kill a Mockingbird emerges as a symbolic representative of the injustices inflicted on a section of the Southern society, a direct outcome of the Southern notions of race. The movie elaborately delineates the race based bifurcation of the Southern society, which happened to be all encompassing, including within its ambit all the salient aspects of the Southern social life, like habitati ons, religion, mannerisms, language, food, politics and sadly justice also. Class is an important concern in this movie as social class has traditionally commanded immense importance in the essentially agrarian Southern culture replete with â€Å"an abundance of myths and stereotypes about the poor and the wealthy (Beck, Frandsen & Randall 46)†. In that sense, this movie allows the audience to glance over a range of class affiliated stereotypes like the conservative Mrs. Dubose, and the Cunninghams and the Ewells belonging to the lower class, from the relatively balanced perspective of Jem and Scout. The movie in a way visually presents the complex interplay between the Southern notions of class and race, with those at the receiving end of the system trying to seek a common space. For instance, when Scout embarrasses the poor Walter Cunningham, she is severely reprimanded by her black cook Calpurnia. However, it does need to be mentioned that when

Staffing Organizations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Staffing Organizations - Essay Example The process of staffing involves getting candidates and interviewing them, a process that consumes resources and time. Success is certain if the right employee for the specific work is available at the right time in the organization (Heneman et al 2011). This paper reveals a three year recruitment plan for a coffee shop with three line managers and ten coffee servers. 2. Recruitment plan. The recruitment plan will identify the store managers and coffee server’s posts and job description. For the three store managers each will be required to possess certain descriptions that suit the job description. The job description can be obtained from the current employees by enquiring their opinion on their work. The plan should consider publicizing the current posts to obtain potential applicants. The scope of publicizing may vary depending on the level of the posts. The store manager’s posts may get a nationwide coverage while the coffee servers may get a local coverage. Places where there are potential job applicants can be selected. They include websites, local newspaper, conferences and higher learning institutions. The criterion for short listing candidates is decided in line with the job description for the specified posts. According to Noe et al (2009, p. 34), implementing the criterion will be an effective way of cutting down on the number of interviews. A decision on the personnel who will conduct the interview and selection process is made in the plan. The interviewers may involve the human resource representative, employment officer and heads of department where the new recruits will work (Mathis et al 2010). The screening questions for the candidates should be decided in the recruitment plan. The questions should be relevant and related with the posts. Questions that are discriminative should be avoided. Discriminative questions consider race, marital status, disability and ethnicity. Based on the answers provided by the interviewees, the interv iewers should have a plan on how to evaluate the candidate. The capabilities and personality of the candidate should be judged from the information they presented. It is determined weather employees to be hired will require training or experienced employees will be chosen. The organization can retain current employees and new recruits following the appointment by ensuring that their morale is increased. New recruits should complement the existing employees by bringing in new incentives as they share their experience. Morale can be increased if a coffee server with the knowledge is promoted to be a store manager. Rewards for work done increases the motivation of the employees and can be considered (Nkomo et al 2010). 3. Communication message for application. The communication message will give the name of the organization and their intention to obtain new employees. The organization will need three store managers and ten coffee servers. Each store manager will be in charge of activit ies in the given store, and will report to the director. The coffee server’s tasks will be to serve customers and will be answerable to the store manager. Each store manager will be required to possess a degree in hospitality and management studies or in a related field, with a one year experience in hospitality industry. The coffee servers will be expected to possess college education. Advertising the available posts can communicate the message to eligible candidates. The advertisements would state the name of the

Data Warehousing and Mining Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Data Warehousing and Mining - Essay Example This paper will discuss the concept of data mining in detail. This paper will discuss the main aspects, techniques and algorithms of data mining. This paper will also assess the market applications of data mining. DATA MINING Data mining is a technique which is used to evaluate business or corporate data from a target source and after that turn that data into valuable and useful information. This corporate information is normally employed to facilitate a business to raise profits, reduce cut expenditure in specific business areas. Moreover, the main purpose of data mining applications is to recognize and take-out similar business configuration enclosed in a given set of corporate data (Bradford, 2011). IMPORTANT DATA MINING TECHNIQUES This section outlines some of the prime and important data mining techniques. Some of the main techniques are presented below: Neural Networks/Pattern Recognition Neural Networks are utilized in a blackbox style. In this technique, an individual produce s a set of data for testing purpose, which allows the neural network to find out patterns based on the identified results, then for these data permits the neural network imprecise on massive amounts of data provided. ... Memory Based Reasoning This technique can offer same results which can be achieved from neural network however the working of this technique is different from neural networks. In addition, the memory based reasoning searches for "closely related" type of data, rather than considering similar working patterns (Chicago Business Intelligence Group, 2011) and (Han & Kamber, 2006). Cluster Detection This is a standard technique of data mining which is used to assess the relationship between market and business transaction data because it discovers associations from data patterns. Mainly, this method discovers associations in clients or product or anywhere we desire to discover interaction in data (Chicago Business Intelligence Group, 2011) and (Han & Kamber, 2006). Link Analysis This is another method for relating similar business records. However, this method is not utilized extensively; on the other hand, a number of methods and software applications have been built on the basis of this technique. Since its name states, this technique attempts to discover associations, either in dealings, various products, consumers, etc. as well as reveals those associations (Chicago Business Intelligence Group, 2011) and (Han & Kamber, 2006). Visualization This method of data mining facilitates the users to recognize their data. In this scenario, visualization is used to create the association from text established to visual/graphical arrangement. In addition, various other techniques such as rule, decision tree, pattern visualization and cluster facilitate users to observe data associations rather than reading the associations. Moreover, a lot of powerful data mining systems have taken effective actions for enhancing their

It is not possible to be a disciple of Jesus in the modern world Essay Example for Free

It is not possible to be a disciple of Jesus in the modern world Essay It is not possible to be a disciple of Jesus in the modern world I disagree with this statement, although I recognise that it is not always easy to be a disciple I believe it is possible for those who have faith. We are first called to discipleship at Baptism where the father of the child lights a candle from the Pascal candle as a sign of his responsibility to enable his son/daughter to grow in full faith. I believe that faith makes everything possible, if we have faith in God and his teaching we can achieve our hopes and dreams. If we have faith then living, as a true disciple is part of our way of life, we as Christians in todays world should try to live our lives as Jesus lived his. Without faith what meaning would life itself have for us, what would be the use in perusing life if it had no meaning to us. If we believe then we can reach goals and discipleship can bring joy and purpose to our lives we can achieve goals and targets we set for ourselves. Nothing is impossible to he who believes Faith in God is not always easy to maintain; if we pick up a newspaper what headings do we usually see? Usually something related to drugs, alcohol, kidnapping, and murder. What example is this setting to children? While there parents are teaching them about how caring we should be, and how we should love our neighbour as ourselves, these children look at the newspapers or even the news and see people who have lost arms or legs as someone has shot them. What kind of example is this of loving your neighbour? What affect is this going to have on these children in the long term? They will grow up with the opinion that this is acceptable and everybody does it why should they be different to the rest? To be a true disciple we must have immense faith in God, if we have faith nothing is impossible. But there are many difficulties which disciples of Jesus have to face when trying to carry out the work of God, one of the most difficult to deal with is peer pressure. Many people, particularly the young people, feel unable to resist the pressures put upon them by their peers and therefore behave in a way which goes against the teaching of the gospel. There are many pressures maybe to smoke, drink, vandalise others property, tell lies, use foul language, and have a sexual relationship before marriage. If enough pressure is put on these people it is very difficult to say no! And therefore they are going against the teaching of Jesus not because they want to it is because they are not strong enough to resist temptation, and they are afraid others will treat them differently. Other pressures come from the media we usually get a picture from the media of very anti-Christian values and standards. Take magazines for example they tell stories of unmarried people having a sexual relationship or young people smoking and drinking, and this is all classed as Normal and acceptable in our world. They do not present the Christian way of life as being worthwhile and Cool or up to date. We also get a lot of anti-Christian standards from the television, films, and videos. These can have a very powerful influence on the lives of many people; most soap operas and films present a non-Christian way of life. How often do you see a Christian family in a soap opera, and if there is Christian families do you ever notice that they always seem to be laughed at by the rest of the families as they are seen to be out of date and definetly not trendy. Television I believe influences many people, who is going to get up early on a Sunday morning to watch the Christian services carried out in different chapels, while they could be watching Eastenders or a popular music show! There are many ways television influences us they give us pictures of what is normal in our society such as sex before marriage, abortions are acceptable, divorce is a fact of life, the only purpose in life is to search for pleasure, and violence is acceptable and part of everyday life. Media can make Christians feel confused and unsure of their own beliefs The way of life presented by the media is often made to seem more attractive, more enjoyable, easier, and more glamorous. However we as Christians should always remember that Jesus never promised that being a disciple would be easy, in fact we must deny ourselves take up our cross and follow him. We should make up our minds whether we want to be a disciple; many people are unable or incapable to make such decisions in life because of addictions to alcohol, drugs, gambling, and solvent abuse. Becoming addicted to any of these can make people lose all sense of reality of right and wrong, of what being a Christian really means. If a person is not in total control of their life then being a Christian is almost an impossible task. The family is an extremely important unit and source of Christian discipleship in our society, it is within the family that children first learn about the love of God, right and wrong and acceptable and unacceptable modes of behaviour. Parents are the first teachers of their children and the church relies on these parents to pass on the faith to their children by what they say and through their actions. There are many broken families in todays society and many children do not receive the Christian teaching and example, which they need, such as love and understanding and therefore grow up not using the example in their life. So to be a good disciple is extremely difficult but not impossible. In todays world there are many distractions and other Gods, which can lure us away from love of the one true God. Things such as money, possessions, wealth, search for pleasure, and success, laziness, indifference, friends, and Greed. These things all tempt us in many different ways, it is as if they are trying to make us forget our first priority which is God. The easier route in life is often to give into these temptations, to become distracted by worldly and materialistic values and to become neglectful to our Christian duties. If we consider all the pressures people today face we see that it is not always an easy task to follow Jesus through thick and thin, but it is not an impossible one. When Jesus chose his first disciples he knew that it would not be easy for them, nor is it easy for us in the twentieth century. The world as we know it is becoming less and less accommodating to the Christian way of life and it is not going to get any easier, this is why we should never give up and our faith should see us through even the worse times in life. We should not become what society wants to become and is encouraging us to become we should not be lured away from God so we can fit in and act like people want us to. This is the challenge of Christian discipleship.

The Rise And Fall Of Carleton Fiorina Commerce Essay

The Rise And Fall Of Carleton Fiorina Commerce Essay This essay examines the case study The rise and fall of Carleton S. (Carly) Fiorina, during her employment as Chief Executive Officer (CEO) with Hewlett-Packard (HP) (Robbins et al. 2008). Well-known for her charisma, high profile and aggressiveness in business, Carlys previous employers at Lucent Technologies paid tribute her imaginative leadership style, her enthusiasm, and her ability to introduce and lead change. (Robbins et al.). The value of individual personality tests as an indicator for business success will be examined. This essay also looks at Carlys personality, and how it may have impacted on her ability to perform her job. It will be argued that personality testing has limited value as an indicator of business success. Other factors considered include gender, organisational culture and charismatic leaders. Burton et al. (2009), describes personality as the enduring blueprint for an individuals motivation and behaviour expressed in different circumstance, including the individuals thoughts and feelings. According to Burton et al., personality can change however, adult personality show significant reliability over time. Carly personality was well known and was considered as a great asset at the time of her employment at HP. Carly was portrayed as charismatic, visionary, and unconventional and as having the resolve necessary to undertake the job (Robins et al. 2008). Carly did not appear to place a high value on traditional goals, but rather she was interested in business improvement. Carly was described has having the ability to analyse business problems and to come up with what she considered to be best business solutions (Robins et al.). Hoffman (2001) in his book Ace the Corporate Personality Test talks about the testing boom which has taken place in employment situations. Hoffman states that while some personality change is possible in adulthood, it is likely that any change would be an adjustment of personality, rather than a major change. Hoffman outlines that we might change our attitudes, behavioural tendencies, and goals in life, but not our core personality. There is no evidence that there was a change in Carlys personality, rather it appears to have been consistent throughout her employment with HP. Carly was well known for her high business profile, prior to her joining HP. She had established her business credentials at Lucent Technologies, where she was recognised for her ability to implement change and for her far-sighted leadership (Robbins et al. 2008). Carly was noted for being a change agent, visionary leader and as being high in energy. These aspects of Carlys personality, for which she was initiall y employed, were key requirements needed to ensure the business improvement at HP. Robbins et al., (2008) identifies the need for organisations to change if the organisation is to survive and adapt. This requires a change in the organisational culture, which Robbins et al., describes as the attitudes, experiences, beliefs and values of, and within an organisation. It is the collection of values and norms that are shared by the people and groups within an organisation and that manage the way they interact with each other and with others outside the organisation. In a Business Week article titled HPs Carly Fiorina: The Boss (1999), Carlys was reported as identifying the need for an urgent innovative approach to be introduced at HB. Carly was reported as being a forward thinker, quoted as saying we have to make sure it represents the next century rather than the last one. The article highlights the organisational culture in place the HP Way at the time of Carlys employment as CEO, and discusses the need to change the culture which had crept in over recent years. Schein (2004) recognises that there can be difficulties with succession, especially when conservatives are replaced with radicals in the hierarchy of an organisation. Schein identifies the necessity to identify and promote the organisational culture, even though much culture is hard to recognise and interpret, as it is often entrenched in everyday practices. It appears that this may have been the case with Carlys attempts to change the organisational culture and practices at HP. Carly clearly had great expectations regarding what she planned to achieve at HP (Business Week, 1999). Carly displayed an internal locus of control (Wood et al, 2010), a belief in her capability to control her own destiny. Carly was intrinsically motivated, that is, she was stimulated to preform by her internal drive rather that for external rewards (Burton et al. 2009). Carlys believed that she could master the difficulties and make a difference at HP. This is reflected in her ability to initiate the purcha se of Compaq, despite opposition from Walter Hewlett. There is no evidence to suggest that Carlys personality did change, to become too big, rather the fit between Carly and HP may have contributed to the problem. Brown (1995) states that to achieve successful change programs on a large scale, requires effective, assertive leaders, and that the successful management of organisational culture requires the backing of those in the most senior positions. Brown also suggests that the organisational culture can be the origin of problems which hold the organisation back from growth and development. There is an expectation of predictable relationships between an individuals personality and their predisposition to behave in a certain way (Wood et al. 2010). Gender considerations were explored to determine if a double standard or gender bias was evident. It was determined in this case that Carlys appointment as CEO at HP was seen as proof that gender was no longer an issue in the business world (Cotter et al. 2001). According to the Federal Glass Ceiling Commission (1995), (as cited in Cotter et al.), the glass ceiling refers to obstructions which exist to hinder the progression of women and minorities to achieve higher levels within the workplace. Robbins et al. (2008) identifies that women may make better leaders than men. Although the differences are not great, differences include women can make better listeners, superior mentors, are better goal setters, produce high quality work, and foster better communication. While gender bias and the glass ceiling may exist in the business world, there is not evidence in this case to suggest that Carlys was the victim of a double standard. She had an aggressive and forthright business approach f rom the outset. Robbins et al., remarks that as a CEO, when things are going well the CEO receives the credit and praise, but when things are not going well the blame falls on the CEO regardless of factors outside the control or responsibility. Carly was described as charismatic. Cambridge Dictionary (2011) describes charisma as a special power which some people have naturally which makes them able to influence other people and attract their attention and admiration. Weber (as cited in Robins et al. 2008) describes chiasmatic leadership as one of the best models of authority and influence. Robert House (as cited in Robins et al.) details the charismatic leadership theory as leaders with vision and who are willing to take personal risks to accomplish their vision, they are responsive to subrogates requirements and to environmental demands, and they demonstrate behaviours that are out to the ordinary. Unfortunately, some charismatic leaders can become carried away and a dark side is revealed. In these cases the best interests of the organisation are not fully represented (Robbins et al.). The margin separating personal interests and those of the organisation can become blurred. Robins et al., describes the worst case scenario being when ego-driven charismatic leader put their own interests ahead of the organisation, or when they use the organisational resources for their own personal benefit or gain (Robbins et al.). It is clear that Carly became impressed with herself and her importance, placing her portrait next to those of the HP founders and failing to heed the warning issued by HB board members to change her style (Robbins et al.). Prior to joining HP, Carly undertook a 900 question personality test. Personality testing is used to predict performance in the workplace (Hoffman 2000). It was recognised that Carly had charismatic qualities including the vigour, enthusiasm, forward thinking vision, drive and aggressiveness, all considered necessary for the position of CEO (Robbins et al. 2008). One universally applied personality measurement is the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), which consists of a 100 question tests that seeks to categorise participants into four categories: a) extroverted or introverted; b) sensing or intuitive; C) thinking or feeling; and d) judging or perceiving (Robbins et al.). The results of the questionnaire are classified into 16 personality types. If this test had been applied in the case of Carly, her personality type would most likely be INT. Characteristics of an INT might include being organised, determined, having a sense of purpose, motivation and drive, forward thinkers, analy tical, decisive, and logical and as having an innate sense for business (Robbins et al.). The MBTI results, do not however, correlate with actual job performance (Robbins et al.). A personality testing model, which as the benefit of research, is the Five Factor Model of Personality, also known as the big five (Robbins et al. 2008). Using this model, personality can be reduced to five broad categories of personality traits. Traits are the emotional, cognitive and behavioural tendencies that constitute underlying personality dimensions (Burton et al. 2009, p. 433). The five personality traits of the big five model are: 1) Extraversion. This trait includes characteristics such as being socially adapt, talkative, assertive and as having an abundance of emotional fluency. 2) Agreeableness. This comprises of personality attributes such as being trustworthy, selflessness, kindness, and affection. 3) Conscientiousness. Common characteristics within this dimension include a high measure of impulse control, goal directed behaviours and are high in thoughtfulness. Individuals who rate high in conscientiousness have the propensity to be both organised and attentive of details. 4) Emotional stability. Individuals with positive emotional stability have a predisposition to cope with stress, are generally calm, self- confident and secure. 5) Openness to experience. Within this trait characteristic are imagination and insight, and individuals with a wide diversity of interests, would be found (Robbins et al. 2008). Hoffman (2001) states the five factor model dominates the area of personalty testing and suggests that the most probable scales tested are extraversion and conscientiousness. There are three methods of measuring personality, self report, observer-rating surveys and projective measures (Robbins et al. 2008). According to Robbins, et al., self report questionnaires are the most widespread method of measuring personality. A concerning aspect of the self report survey method is that it is possible to alter the results to create a better outcome (Robbins, et al.). Burton et al. (2009) outline various problems with personality testing including that they can be subjective, and that a persons results may change in response to the persons emotional state and other situational variables. Burton et al., also identify that it is possible to deliberately alter the outcome, and that personality testing does not correlate to consistency across all situations. These finding suggest that personality testing has little real value in predicting individual business success. This essay reviewed the value of individual personality tests as an employment indicator for business success. Knowing an individuals personality characteristics can provide valuable insight into how that individual may act, or interact in business circumstances. Limits of personality testing include that the personality testing can be subjective, a persons results may change in response to the persons emotional state and other situational variables. It is possible to deliberately alter the test outcome, and personality testing does not correlate to consistency across all situations. Prior to joining HP, Carly undertook a 900 question personality test. It was recognised that Carly had charismatic qualities including the vigour, enthusiasm, forward thinking vision, drive and aggressiveness, all considered necessary for the position of CEO. There is evidence to suggest that there may have been problems with the organisational culture. There is however no evidence to suggest that Carlys was the victim of a double standard, or of gender bias. Carly was considered a charismatic leader and unfortunately in some instances charismatic leadership can lose sight of the best interests of the organisation, then the obligations and responsibilities become confused or blurred. This was the case with Carly during her employment with HP. Personality testing was undertaken prior to Carlys employment which provided a snap shot at that time. Personality in itself does not provide a long term prediction. It is concluded that individual personality testing has limited value as an indicator of business success.

The Key of Reflexivity :: Ethnography Anthropology Essays

The Key of Reflexivity What gives me the right to judge? As a studying anthropologist, what constitutes me the right to study â€Å"Others† and proclaim my perception of the â€Å"studied† is correct? Since the development of writing, authors have fell victim to their own misconceptions of a studied group or culture. Even I, right now as I type away at this keyboard am judging and studying the works of other authors. Whether I take a critical or a supportive view of the writings is obsolete, what matters is how my personal life experiences as a studying anthropologist can lead to legitimate findings. Is this possible? Authors may take their own personal hang-ups of society and implement them into their writings. An example would be an angry painter asked to sketch a picture of a happy family seated in front of him. Is the picture accurate if the final creation portrays the family hugging each other but not smiling? Without reflexivity the author/painter will not know why his creation turned out the way it did. Anthropologists are similar to painters. Mainly because their pictures are text drawn with pens, pencils, or keyboards. However, self- reflexivity provides an awareness that allows for personal reflection, aiding in the process of the understanding. It also emphasizes the point of theoretical and practical questioning changing the ethnographer’s view of themselves and their work. To understand how anthropologists can study a group of people successfully, we must first understand their rationale. Kondo states â€Å" I felt every effort necessary in order to blend in and avoid being unmasked as a foreigner.† (Pg., 76) As a foreigner she is admitting to being different than the people she is studying. However, by doing so she is conveying that psyche and thoughts are what separate people, not just their physical traits. I believe this will benefit Kondo in her studies. Realizing that her linguistic and cultural skills will help her to assimilate into the culture and study truly as a participant observer. A misconception may present itself while analyzing a case as diverse as Kondo’s. To conclude that a Japanese woman with American culture, can add perspective for both instances, would be immature. Rather, a Japanese woman with American culture can only provide a legitimate stance for a Japanese woman, raised in a American culture. Malinowski on the other hand feels as though studying every little detail will provide you with the necessary components for a good anthropologist to construct a sound and rational ethnography.

Essay --

Shreya Shirodkar Ms. Lane American Literature January 17, 2014 Laurie Halse Anderson: Changing the Scope of Young Adult Fiction How do you write about the major, live-changing events of people you've never met? How do you write about sensitive issues in an engaging, but still thought-provoking way? How do you write about your own demons so that others do not follow your path? Writer Laurie Halse Anderson could provide the answers to these questions. Written at a time when difficult topics, such as sexual harassment, were just beginning to be spoken about, her stories were a combination of her struggles and the struggles of teens across the country. Through her gift of storytelling, Laurie has brought previously taboo topics, such as date rape and depression, to the attention of teenagers and adults worldwide. LIFE Shockingly, this world famous young adult novelist did not always enjoy writing. Born in Potsdam, New York in 1961, Laurie initially had trouble reading and writing, but learned and eventually excelled in both as a result of the guidance she received from supportive teachers. Laurie specifically thanks her second grade teacher, who helped her realize that writing was â€Å"cool† (Anderson) during a lesson on haikus. Despite her newfound appreciation of writing, Laurie still didn’t want to become a writer; instead, she wanted to become a doctor ("Laurie Halse Anderson")! Unfortunately for her, Laurie was not very good at either mathematics or chemistry. For her final year of high school, Laurie decided to do something different. As part of a student’s exchange program, Laurie traveled to Denmark to study, where she had to work on a pig farm. Her experiences in Denmark helped her to grow into an independent young woman. After... ... home from WWII. Late at night, Laurie would hear her father shrieking, having nightmares about the war. As her father’s condition worsened, Laurie grew increasingly detached from the man she once knew and loved. Recalling the pain of that period in her life, Laurie wrote the story The Impossible Knife of Memory. In the story, the main character Hayley is attempting to take care of her father, who has PTSD. It can be assumed that some of Hayley’s experiences were actually Laurie’s own experiences. Today, Laurie has moved on from the past and shares a good rapport with her father, who unfortunately still suffers from PTSD (Deutsch). Throughout her youth, Laurie suffered from a disease of her own: body image issues. She was made of fun by her peers and was even called â€Å"Baby Hippo† (Anderson). For years, Laurie had an â€Å"unhealthy relationship with food† (???) â€Æ'

Symbolism in Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury Essay -- Fahrenheit 451 R

Ray Bradbury’s satire, Fahrenheit 451, is a novel full of symbols criticizing the modern world. Among those symbols appears The Hound. The Hound’s actions and even its shape are reflections of the society Bradbury has predicted to come.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Montag’s world continues on without thought; without any real reason. There is no learning, no growth, and no purpose. â€Å"The Mechanical Hound slept but did not sleep, lived but did not live in its gently humming, gently vibrating, softly illuminated kennel back in the dark corner of the firehouse'; (24), wrote Bradbury to describe this hound. Like the hound, society was alive yet dead as well, drudging through life; mindless. The Hound was a programmed robot that didn’t thing on its own; that only acted as it was told. Captain Beatty states, â€Å"It just ‘functions’. It has a trajectory we decide on for it. It follows through. It targets itself, homes itself, and cuts off. Its only copper wire, storage batteries, and electricity'; (20), and â€Å"It doesn’t think anything we don’t want it to think'; (27). That society was programmed to not think, wonder or ask why. They didn’t do anything that they weren†™t supposed to do. Today, everything is happening just as The Hound is controlled. Programming is happening in our very world. Take schools for example. Consider Pavlov’s experiment with ringing bells to provoke an automatic response in dogs. He rang a bell; the dogs salivated expecting food. The school board rings a bell, and students ris...

American Beauty Film Critique Essay

There are few films that achieve the high level of quality exhibited by that of the 1990 beautiful tragedy, American Beauty. The film is a true masterpiece in both content and how this content is delivered to the viewers. It excels at being an enlightening and relevant drama about American life, and never fails to keep the audience entertained by providing many instances of well-placed humor. Every scene is filmed including metaphoric elements that not only show great stylistic and aesthetics, but also create a mood and feeling for the theme of the movie. American Beauty, directed by Sam Mendes, is a film that is set in suburban America, in a normal neighbourhood, following the everyday life of the central protagonist, Lester Burnham, who is living the typical ‘American Dream’. He appears to have a great job, big house, loving wife and daughter and even a white picket fence. However, all is not as it seems as appearance can often be deceiving; if we just â€Å"look closer†, we as audience members soon see that he realises both his wife, over bearing and controlling Carolyn and jaded teenage daughter, Jane think that, in the words of Jane, he is â€Å"this gigantic loser† and they’re right. The character of Lester is initially portrayed as a depressed, sad and lonely forty-year-old man, deprived of freedom and struggling to find anything worth living for. However as the film progresses Lester’s persona as a character is dramatically developed with the introduction of an equally intriguing character, Angela Hayes. Everything changes for Lester the night he is forced by his wife to his daughters school to see her perform as a cheerleader. There on the floor, engrossed in a pompon routin, parading and dancing around the court, he sees his ‘angel’: Angela his daughter’s high-school classmate. Angela fulfills the stereotypical idea of what beauty physical beauty is. She is thin, blonde, big blue-eyed and immediately catches Lester’s attention; Angela is not Lester’s highway to bliss, but she is at least a catalyst for his freedom (Ebert, 1999). His thoughts, and the dissatisfaction they stimulate, blast him free from years of emotional torture and bring him right back to his youth. It is from this moment on that Lester transforms into a spontaneous hormone-driven teenage boy, who smokes marihuana, works out, and uits his job all in order to impress his Angel-a. American Beauty uses Angela as the image of Lester’s broader want; that being his underlying desire for freedom and evidentially beauty. However, she symbolizes the potential underlying superficiality of physical beauty that is slowly revealed towards the end of the film. The film portrays many of the hidden problems within the white picket fence American dream along with addressing the problems many Americans have with feeling free and accepting their own identity. The film shows the vastly different worlds that people can live in whilst still living on the same street, and the disorder and frenzy that lies veiled in a society that we all try to portray as being as perfect as possible. In doing so, American Beauty reveals that the only way to calm the chaos is to find beauty in everything. To â€Å"look closer† is a must for truly understanding and identifying with the continuous bombardment of symbolism that is constantly being illustrated in this film. American Beauty portrays such themes as the falseness in lust, power and appearance and that we need to remind our selves â€Å"†¦of all the beauty there is in the world†, as beauty is a matter of opinion. Beauty however, is the most significant and explored theme in American Beauty. Another prevailing theme is the notion of the characters journey and transformation throughout the film. Lester’s journey can almost be compared to one from childhood from adulthood, figuratively speaking as evidentially, he steps into a mature, paternal phase where he takes responsibility and finds meaning in life, as an adult. Many techniques were used to portray these themes and influence audiences opinions of characters and events, including film techniques of cinematography, soundtrack as well as such visual techniques of symbolism, colour and contrast and both aesthetic and stylistic elements. American Beauty is a complex film that relies so heavily on mis-en-scene and cinematography to portray its message. In particular this is showcased during one scene that truly puts the ‘American Beauty’ into perspective; the opening scene or as it is often referred to as, the â€Å"High Point Scene†. The film explores the concepts of what true beauty really is and as suggested in the title of the film, the American Dream and how far this ‘dream’ really goes and what it actually means; this is explored further from the films tagline â€Å"look closer†; to think about perceived desire and to analyze more what these wants are. Through the exploration of the opening scene and a study of how the cinematography, mise en scene and sound foreshadows plot points in the rest of the film, the underlying messages and symbolism will be uncovered. The movie opens with a grainy shot of Jane Burnham reclining on a bed, complaining about her father. The scene begins with what is referred to as a flash forward, in cinematic terms. The line â€Å"Someone really should just put him out of his misery† is a hint towards the mid life crisis that the father Lester is currently going through and the ways in which she is aware of the pain he is dealing with, not knowing what he truly wants. Through the mise en scene and cinematography displayed throughout the scene, the audience is enabled to receive a glimpse into the events that have just occurred. Through the use of a lesser quality picture, shaky footage and dimmed lighting the audience is able to identify with the fact that the imagery being presented has that of a ‘home movie’ feel. The utilization of ‘raw footage’ within this drama genre of film gives the audience a sense of reality towards the character, hence making the dialogue seem more legitimate and believable. The addition of a pause into the characters dialogue helps to support and express the sense of ‘reality’ further, as it is as if she is really thinking about what she is saying. The rather ambiguous approach to the delivering of the line â€Å"You want me to kill him for you? † helps to draw attention to Jane’s reaction as apposed to the interviewers own intensions. This poses both Jane Burnham, the daughter and the unidentified interviewer as suspects to her father’s upcoming murder. However the abstruse approach from the interviewer combined with the daughters reply is foreshadowing what is to come later in the film, as each character related to the father is set up to be the possible murderer of his death. By using the body language as a primary tool for communication, the reply of â€Å"Yeah, would you† to the previous statement, suggests that she is almost daring the interviewer to kill him. This is expressed through the dominant changing of levels when she sits up, almost creating a shift in power, and looks down and straight into the camera, but at the same time also insinuates some sarcasm on her part. The audience learns in the very first lines of the movie that Jane’s dad, Lester, is not the father that she wants. The opening credits roll, and the shot switches to an aerial view of a neighborhood. The exact location is not specified, and that is very intentional. It is important that this not be a critique of a specific area, but of American culture as a whole. The scene begins with an aerial shot of a suburb, with Lester Burnham introducing the audience to his life and informing them that â€Å"In less than a year, I’ll be dead,† and â€Å"in a way, I’m dead already. † This dialogue is heightened through the following shots of Lester lying alone on a bed in a very dull coloured room, thus signifying the meaninglessness life in which he is leading. The utilization of an aerial shot here creates the idea that the world is looking down on him. The dominant use of bright lighting also indicates that it is the morning, however through the use of shadowing casted over Lester, it expressed to the audience that he is still in ‘the dark’; he is yet to be enlightened. Visual techniques are a constant feature in American Beauty, including the use of colour, contrast and symbolism. The primary recurring prop that is introduced at the beginning of the film is a rose, in which the audience first sees in a close up before Lester’s wife Carolyn Burnham picks it up. The first shot of the rose seems out of place, beginning with the flower filling the frame and then moving down to focus on the thorns before Carolyn’s clippers cut it. The rose symbolizes the impotence of not only the love life between Lester and Carolyn but the idea of the American Dream. This shot not only draws attention to the rose as a recurring object in the film, but it also serves as a metaphor for the Burnhams: on the outside they appear perfect, like the flower, but underneath they are rotten and broken (represented by the thorns). In this shot the character of Carolyn is also introduced and is instantly perceived as a cold, workaholic who is obsessive about how they (the family) is presented. This portrayal is demonstrated through the line â€Å"See the way the handle on those pruning shears matches her gardening clogs? That’s not an accident†, thus showing the audience what level she will go to, to maintain order and control. What is also noticeable about this shot is the mise en scene, in particular the red roses, white picket fences and the blue painting on the house. These colours in specific represent the American flag and therefore the American dream. These objects are most perceived to be included within the American dream as well as stereotypical figure of Carolyn, the suburban housewife. This ideology however, creates contrast with the cinematography. Many scenes are metaphoric in how they are shot, and what is in the frame symbolizes a higher, deeper meaning. This is demonstrated when, Lester looking out the window of his house at his wife, and the blinds on the window represent jail cell bars. Even the blocks of text on his computer screen at work, (shown later in the film) represent jail cell bars. Lester is â€Å"in jail† because his life at this point is so empty and missing substance. This cinematography technique often used in film nior is utilized to convey the emotions of disassociation and distance which in this case, is the way in which Lester feels towards his wife; he is no longer associated with her. American Beauty† is more than a biting satire on suburban life. This somewhat contrived story is meant to be an allegory. Alan Ball’s richly textured screenplay, brilliantly executed stylistic and aesthetic elements such as cinematography, mise en scene and symbols are effectively demonstrated throughout this masterpiece of a film. Every single shot is so carefully taken and layered with such vast significance that it is a marvel to behold. â€Å"Look closer,† the film’s tag line tells us. Look closer at the beautiful things we yearn for and spend our life chasing. There isn’t a single example of a film done better. Not only is the content top-notch, but the technical aspects of the movie are excellent as well. American Beauty truly demonstrates the power of film.

Inventory System Essay

Background of the Study Inventory is basically the total amount of goods and materials held in stock by a factory, store and other business. An inventory system is a process whereby a business keeps track of the goods and material it has available. In its simplest sense it can be done manually by a count at the end of each day. In this way it is possible to keep a record of the goods coming in to the business and goods being sold. The same case applies in Kuya’s Lumpiang Sariwa and as a result, the inventory system becomes prone to human error and would be more time consuming and security is also being risked. Since manual inventory consumes a lot of time and is susceptible to errors, it would be helpful to build a system that will automate the transactions from acquisition of the product description to updating the inventory database. The automated inventory system will improve employees’ work efficiency by automating routinely and time consuming tasks such as the time spent in taking down product information. As a result, the time can be used in more productive activities. The accuracy of the current system will also be improved, since the automated inventory system would eliminate the need of constantly encoding lengthy details of products by having an inventory database. 1. 2 Statement of the Problem 1. 2. 1General Problem The inefficient rate of manually mandating a system or accessing manual inventory system is widely known due to the time consumed of manually recording of the transactions being done, security of data is at risk, and inaccuracy of data. The authors considered the problems encountered in using manual inventory system. Automated Inventory System| 1 1. 2. 2 Specific Problems 1. Time Consuming The inventory of materials is done manually in such a way that employee writes down the details of different materials every time a transaction is being done. These results, taking too much time. 2. Data Loss It defines to the unforeseen information. The possible root cause of data spill in Kuya’s Lumpiang Sariwa is the file drawer or cabinet which serves as their storage. If not properly secured, misplacement of data sheets and theft can take place due to security failure. 3. Prone to Errors The taking down of transactions encoded manually by the assigned employee to do the inventory would probably commit mistake. Inaccuracy of data is being risked. 1. 3 Objectives of the Study 1. 3. 1 General Objective The main objective of the proposed inventory system is to facilitate the inventory operation of Kuya’s Lumpiang Sariwa, thereby enhancing data monitoring to aim a more efficient system. 1. 3. 2 Specific Objectives 1. Minimize working time The automated inventory system will provide userfriendly interface that will lessen the job through user defined Automated Inventory System| 2 buttons. Tasks of the assigned employee’ such as encoding of data details is easier and fast compared to the old system. 2. Improve security protection controls Security of inventory reports and other data information is not at risk due to the provided log-in window in database inventory system that will ask for a password secured by the administration. Employees that will do the inventory will have a complete access in the system; other employees cannot enter or access the automated system. Updating of passwords can be done. 3. Increase accuracy in data entry. Entry of data ensures accurate details of the material due to the built – in checks in the new system, as one of the systems features. It will eliminate errors such as â€Å"erase and replace†. 1. 4 Significance of the Study The study will be a significant endeavor in promoting efficiency and more effective inventory system. By understanding and evaluating the need of the company, the employee as well as the administrators can be assured for a more productive and competitive system. The proposed system has been designed after depth study of the existing manual system. The new suggestions have been made, keeping in view the demand of the organization and their ultimate effectiveness. Computerized Inventory system has many advantages over the manual inventory system. Some of the features are as follows: ? The new system is more efficient as compared to the old system. ? Data entry task is easier and fast. ? There is no chance of entering wrong data, because there are all possible checks, which have been built in the system. Automated Inventory System| 3 ? The new computerized system is user friendly. A user having little knowledge about computer can run this system effectively. Moreover, the new system is designed in such a way as it can provide the user with facility of updating the data whenever required. 1. 5 Scope and Limitation The authors’ of this study is centrally focused on the proposed inventory database system and does not include any other systems such as ordering system. Scope ? Data Manipulation such as adding, updating and deleting of data in the database to a more user friendly system. ? All reports can be generated automatically, at the press of a button. ? Ability to handle huge volumes of transactions without compromising on speed or efficiency. ?

The Story of My Life in 400 Words

Let me start off by saying that writing essays isn’t really my cup of tea. I find it really difficult to begin as there are so many different ways to do it. I can start with, â€Å"One day†¦Ã¢â‚¬  but then it would be too common. Finding the right way to start a composition, for me, is the most taxing thing in the world to do. Then, there’s also the problem of choosing which items to include and disregard. If the limit of words is four hundred then I must choose the words carefully. Otherwise, I might go over without getting my message across. Do you understand my dilemma? You might find this weird coming from someone who makes students write their stories. If they would only find out then that would make me the laughing-stock of the whole school. I won’t waste your time anymore with this senseless talk and start with what I’m supposed to write about. Everything started one Monday morning in November of 1975. This was when I made my entry to this world. I believe I made my parents really happy just by being here. Then there was elementary. It’s where I learned about social interaction. I discovered that if I’m nice to people then I’ll make more friends but if I’m not, then life will be lonely and miserable. From high school I learned that spending some time in making myself look presentable is important if I want to attract the attention of people from the opposite sex. Oh, yes! There’s also college. In the university, I learned that we really live in a dog eat dog world. Competition is stiff and you must learn to cope otherwise you won’t survive. Despite of this, I learned to really fall in love for the first time. I won’t really go into too much details as I would have to write another 400-word composition for this topic alone. After college, I tried my hand on a lot of different things. Off the top of my head, I remember working as a project assistant, administrative assistant, senior clerk and customer service representative to name just a few. It wasn’t until I tried my hand on teaching that I found my calling. Teaching is not for the weak of heart. You must be able to endure several heartaches and some disappointments before you can reap its rewards. But mind you, the rewards are tremendous. Being able to make a difference in the lives of your students is what it really is about. I can’t think of any other way to live my life.